No, pregnancy does not occur until ovulation-- ovulation is the process of the egg being released. Once the egg has been released it can be fertilized with sperm.
If you have sex one day before you ovulate, it is possible to get pregnant. (Perhaps this is what you actually meant by your question?) Sperm can live inside a woman for several days-- So if you have sex the day before your egg is released, chances are, there are still living sperm inside you. It is also possible to get pregnant having sex the day after ovulation.
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