Yes
The .22 Short, was developed for Smith and Wesson's first revolver , in 1857.
Contact S&W.
It depends on how old it is. Needs to be examined by a gunsmith.
Contact S&W.
Be aware! Never fire ammunition in a weapon not chambered for it! Stick to the .45 colt ammo.
Standard Catalog of Smith and Wesson.
Yes
No, no, no. Do not attempt to do this.
It can fire .32 Smith & Wesson and .32 Smith & Wesson long ammunition. These are the only ammunition types it is designed for, and is NOT compatible with other types of .32 calibre/7.65mm ammunition.
NO, NO, NO, NO, NO, NO!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! NEVER FIRE AMMUNTION IN A WEAPON IT WAS NOT DESIGNED FOR!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! DANGER, DANGER, DANGER, you could cause damge to your body part and/or the weapon if you were able to do this.
Yes
Your are asking for an opinion. There are several revolvers that would fill this role well- in my personal opinion, the Smith & Wesson Mdl 60 revolver in .357 Magnum would be the revolver of choice. You may also want to look at the Ruger SP101, preferably, in a hammerless configuration if you want it for concealed carry.