It depends on what you want to compare. The pistols themselves may or may not be different, it just depends on which two specific brands/models you are comparing. If you are referring to the 10mm cartridge vs. the .40SW, the .40 is shorter and has much less muzzle velocity and energy than a 10mm. The piece of lead however, is the same, normally ranging from 135 grains to 180 grains, although some are 200 grains.
Very similar. The 40 is slightly larger and heavier, but compensates with more stopping power. I have found both equally accurate. Given a choice, I'd take the 40 cal for use in actual practice, but would use the 9mm for the range and target shooting.
You will have to contact S&W
No way of knowing- there is not a central data base. It is a very popular cartridge.
Yes and no. The. 40 S&W is not interchangeable with the .357 Magnum, if that's what you had in mind. Most .357 Sig pistols can, however, but a .40 barrel will have to be dropped in in place of the .357 Sig barrel.
10-40 usd
with 10 rd mags only i think
15 9mm rounds and 10 40 cal rounds
100-435 USD
That is not slang - 40 cal stands for 40 calories, which is a nutrition measurement.
Depends on the model, all have their own virtues however the best value listed is the Springfield armory XD .40 S&W.
10-40 USD
20-40 USD