Unless she has fully gone through menopause there is a risk.
Yes.
Yes, they can, but as a woman gets older, it becomes harder to get pregnant, but that's around 60 years old, so a 40 year old woman could get pregnant.
If the 40 year old woman doesn't take precautions to stop a pregnancy and neither do you (a condom) then the chances are high that even a 16 year old boy can get a 40 year old woman pregnant. If a 40 year old woman is having a sexual relationship with a 16 year (a minor) she can be charged by law.
yes
It is highly unlikely for an 80-year-old woman to get pregnant naturally due to age-related decline in fertility and menopause. However, with the assistance of assisted reproductive technologies such as egg donation and in vitro fertilization, it may still be possible for an older woman to conceive.
They get pregnant by having sex, the same way as any other woman.
Yes. On top of getting pregnant, the 23 yo woman would get arrested for Statuatory Rape of the 15 yo boy (even the sex was consensual).
Depends on the parents of the 17 year old. If they press charges or not.
If age of consent in your state is 18, yes.
A 62 year old woman should be post-menopausal, so irregular spotting would be a symptom of Uterine or Cervical Cancer. See a doctor.
While it is rare, menopausal women can still get pregnant if they have not gone through menopause yet. It is important for women in their menopausal transition to continue using contraception until they have gone 12 consecutive months without a menstrual period.