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A LDH blood test tests for what?

Updated: 9/28/2023
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A LDH test is short for a test for Lactic Dehydrogenase test which is used by doctors to measure the amount and severity of tissue damage in an individual.

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Q: A LDH blood test tests for what?
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LDH isoenzymes?

DefinitionLDH isoenzymes is a test to check how much lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is in the blood.Alternative NamesLD; Lactic (lactate) dehydrogenase isoenzymesHow the test is performedBlood is typically drawn from a vein, usually from the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand. The site is cleaned with germ-killing medicine (antiseptic). The health care provider wraps an elastic band around the upper arm to apply pressure to the area and make the vein swell with blood.Next, the health care provider gently inserts a needle into the vein. The blood collects into an airtight vial or tube attached to the needle. The elastic band is removed from your arm.Once the blood has been collected, the needle is removed, and the puncture site is covered to stop any bleeding.In infants or young children, a sharp tool called a lancet may be used to puncture the skin and make it bleed. The blood collects into a small glass tube called a pipette, or onto a slide or test strip. A bandage may be placed over the area if there is any bleeding.How to prepare for the testThe health care provider may tell you to stop taking certain medicines before the test.Drugs that can increase LDH measurements include anesthetics, aspirin, clofibrate, fluorides, mithramycin, narcotics, and procainamide.How the test will feelWhen the needle is inserted to draw blood, you may feel moderate pain, or only a prick or stinging sensation. Afterward, there may be some throbbing.Why the test is performedThis test is usually done when your doctor thinks you might have high LDH levels. Measurement of LDH isoenzymes helps determine the location of tissue damage.LDH is found in many body tissues like the heart, liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, brain, blood cells, and lungs.LDH exists in 5 forms, which differ slightly in structure.LDH-1 is found primarily in heart muscle and red blood cells.LDH-2 is concentrated in white blood cells.LDH-3 is highest in the lung.LDH-4 is highest in the kidney, placenta, and pancreas.LDH-5 is highest in the liver and skeletal muscle.All of these can be measured in the blood.What abnormal results meanBecause LDH can be found in many tissues in the body, total LDH is not specific for heart disease.Normally, the level of LDH-2 is greater than LDH-1. However, after a heart attack, LDH-1 is generally higher than LDH-2. This is called a "flipped" LDH pattern.The LDH level rises within 24 - 72 hours after a heart attack, peaks in 3 - 4 days, and returns to normal in about 14 days.Greater-than-normal LDH levels may suggest:Heart attackHemolytic anemiaHypotensionInfectious mononucleosisIntestinal ischemia (blood deficiency) and infarction (tissue death)Liver disease such as hepatitisMuscle injuryMuscular dystrophyPancreatitisLung tissue deathStrokeIschemic cardiomyopathyWhat the risks areThere is very little risk involved with having your blood taken. Veins and arteries vary in size from one patient to another and from one side of the body to the other. Taking blood from some people may be more difficult than from others.Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight but may include:Excessive bleedingFainting or feeling light-headedHematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)ReferencesAbraham NZ Jr, Carty RP, DuFour DR, Pincus MR. Clinical enzymology. In: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 21st ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2006:chap 20.


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Lactate dehydrogenase test?

DefinitionThe lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) test measures the amount of LDH in the blood.See also: LDH isoenzymesAlternative NamesLDH test; Lactic acid dehydrogenase testHow the test is performedThe health care provider will take blood from a vein or from your heel, finger, toe, or earlobe.The blood sample is sent to a laboratory, where it is placed in a machine called a centrifuge. The machine quickly spins the blood, which causes the liquid part (the serum) to separate from the cells. The LDH measurement is done on the serum.How to prepare for the testYour health care provider may ask you to stop taking drugs that may affect the test. Drugs that can increase LDH measurements include anesthetics, aspirin, clofibrate, fluorides, mithramycin, narcotics, and procainamide.Why the test is performedLDH is most often measured to check for tissue damage. The enzyme LDH is in many body tissues, especially the heart, liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, brain, blood cells, and lungs.Other conditions under which the test may be done:Anemia of vitamin B-12 deficiencyMegaloblastic anemiaPernicious anemiaNormal ValuesA typical range is 105 - 333 IU/L (international units per liter).Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific test results.What abnormal results meanHigher-than-normal levels may indicate:Blood flow deficiency (ischemia)Cerebrovascular accident (such as a stroke)Heart attackHemolytic anemiaInfectious mononucleosisLiver disease(for example, hepatitis)Low blood pressureMuscle injuryMuscular dystrophyNew abnormal tissue formation (usually cancer)PancreatitisTissue deathIf the LDH level is raised, your doctor may order an LDH isoenzymes test.ReferencesAbraham N, Carty R, DuFour D, Pincus M. Clinical enzymology. In: McPherson R, Pincus M, eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 21st ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2006:chap 20.Schwartz R. Autoimmune and intravascular hemolytic anemias. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 164.Gregg X, Prchal JT. Red Blood Cell Enzymopathies. In: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Shattil SS, et al, eds. Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2008:chap 45.