Some hormones can get digested in the stomach, while others can't. Another example of one that has to be injected is insulin, although a powdered version that's inhaled is now available to bypass the stomach in a different way.
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Hormones like oxytocin may need to be injected to achieve a more direct and rapid effect compared to oral or topical administration. This is especially important in situations where quick action is required, such as during childbirth to stimulate uterine contractions. Intravenous or intramuscular injection ensures that the hormone is delivered efficiently and effectively to produce the desired physiological response.
Some hormones are not well absorbed when taken orally and may be broken down by enzymes in the digestive system before they can reach the bloodstream. Injecting hormones allows for direct delivery into the bloodstream, providing a more reliable and consistent dosage. Additionally, some hormones are destroyed or metabolized by the liver if taken orally, reducing their effectiveness.
Yes when they are from distant glands, for example when ADH (synthsised in the posterior pituitary gland) must travel to the kidney. However, some hormones are made on-site, so do not use the bloodstream to travel to their target organ(s)/cell(s).
Usually food or ingested medication. However, vitamin-D can be made in the body under the influence of sunlight on the skin, and some vitamins can be injected.
The female reproductive system is important for producing eggs, releasing hormones like estrogen and progesterone, facilitating fertilization and pregnancy, and supporting the development and birth of offspring. It plays a crucial role in human reproduction and the continuation of the species.
Many proteins must be chemically folded into an active tertiary structure. The protein must be transported to where it will function. Sometimes the protein must move out of the cell, as in the case of hormones such as insulin. In such case, a small membrane vesicle contains the protein fuses with the cell membrane. The protein is than released outside and the proteins that are destined to become a part of membrane are made on ribosomes that are bound to the endoplasmic reticulum.