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Alkalinity is different from basicity, which is directly related to the pH. The higher the pH, the more basic the water.
Like acidity, there are different ways to measure and report alkalinity;
The first is to titrate the water with acid titrant to the phenolphthalein end point. This is called the phenolphthalein alkalinity. Since phenolphthalein changes color at pH~8.3, this corresponds to a pH where all the CO32- present would be protonated.
Second, acid titration to a methyl orange end point, pH~4.3, further converts the bicarbonate to aqueous carbon dioxide. At this end point, some of the weaker conjugate bases are protonated. The methyl orange end point titration indicates total alkalinity.
Methyl orange alkalinity represents the hydroxide and carbonate alkalinity in water. Total alkalinity includes hydroxide, carbonate, and bicarbonate alkalinity. When methyl orange turns red in water, it indicates the presence of carbonate and hydroxide ions, which make up the alkalinity, thus making methyl orange alkalinity equal to total alkalinity.
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What is different between hardness and alkalinity?
There exist three species of alkalinity; bicarbonate, carbonate and hydroxide. The concentration of each species will vary with pH. Total alkalinity is the measurement of all species of alkalinity in the water. The concentration of each of the three species can be determined by titrating a water sample with acid of a known concentration and using chemical indicators, phenolphthalein (P indicator),methyl orange (M indicator), or a pH meter to determine "endpoints". The chemical indicators change color at a certain pH points(the endpoint). The mix of alkaline species change as pH decreases. Hydroxide alkalinity disappears below pH 10.3, carbonate below 8.3 and bicarbonate below 4.3 (or thereabout). The P indicator turns from pink to clear at or below pH 8.3 The M indicator turns from orange to yellow below pH 4.3. The amount of acid required to produce a color change is used to calculate the amount of P and M alkalinity. The P and M results are use to calculate "O" or hydroxide alkalinity. Depending on the ionic constituents of the water, these relationships can change or be interfered with.
What is the total number of carbon atoms in a molecule of 2 methyl and 4 ethyloctane?
The molecule 2-methyl and 4-ethyloctane has 10 carbon atoms in total. This consists of 2 carbon atoms in the methyl group and 8 carbon atoms in the octane chain.
How can you determine total acidity?
By titration with alkaline on methyl-red indicator (pH<6)
How many C-C bonds in methyl butane?
There are three bonds between the four carbons in the skeleton and one more attaching the methyl group for a total of four C-C bonds.
How many TOTAL carbons does 3 ethyl 5 6 di methyl decane have?
3 ethyl-5,6-dimethyldecane has a total of 13 carbon atoms.
What does the mean of m alkalinity and p alkalinity water?
1. M-Alkalinity (also known as Total Alkalinity) measures the amount of carbonate, bicarbonate and hydroxide present in terms of "ppm as calcium carbonate". ( M-Alkalinity measurement is based on a sulphuric acid titration using a Methyl orange indicator that goes from yellow at a pH of 4.5 to orange at pH of 4.4 at the endpoint.) 2. P-Alkalinity measures the amount of carbonate and hydroxyl alkalinity present in terms of "ppm as calcium carbonate". P-alkalinity is measured down to a pH of 8.3. The M-alkalinity is measured down to a pH of 4.3.
Why double indicator is used during the titration of water to find alkalinity of water sample?
Double indicator (phenolphthalein and methyl orange) is used during the titration of water to find the alkalinity of the water sample because each indicator changes color at different pH ranges. Phenolphthalein changes color in the alkaline pH range, indicating the endpoint of the titration for total alkalinity. Methyl orange changes color in the acidic pH range, aiding in the detection of the endpoint for carbonate alkalinity. Using both indicators helps to accurately determine the different forms of alkalinity present in the water sample.
What does the mean of m alkalinity and p alkalinity in boiler water?
1. M-Alkalinity (also known as Total Alkalinity) measures the amount of carbonate, bicarbonate and hydroxide present in terms of "ppm as calcium carbonate". ( M-Alkalinity measurement is based on a sulphuric acid titration using a Methyl orange indicator that goes from yellow at a pH of 4.5 to orange at pH of 4.4 at the endpoint.) 2. P-Alkalinity measures the amount of carbonate and hydroxyl alkalinity present in terms of "ppm as calcium carbonate". P-alkalinity is measured down to a pH of 8.3. The M-alkalinity is measured down to a pH of 4.3.
Difference between phenolphthalein alkalinity and and total alkalinity?
Phenolphthalein alkalinity measures the hydroxide ion concentration in water, specifically the amount that can be neutralized by strong acids. Total alkalinity, however, measures the water's ability to neutralize acids, including carbonate, bicarbonate, and hydroxide ions. In summary, phenolphthalein alkalinity focuses on the hydroxide ions, while total alkalinity considers a broader range of alkaline substances.
What is different between hardness and alkalinity?
There exist three species of alkalinity; bicarbonate, carbonate and hydroxide. The concentration of each species will vary with pH. Total alkalinity is the measurement of all species of alkalinity in the water. The concentration of each of the three species can be determined by titrating a water sample with acid of a known concentration and using chemical indicators, phenolphthalein (P indicator),methyl orange (M indicator), or a pH meter to determine "endpoints". The chemical indicators change color at a certain pH points(the endpoint). The mix of alkaline species change as pH decreases. Hydroxide alkalinity disappears below pH 10.3, carbonate below 8.3 and bicarbonate below 4.3 (or thereabout). The P indicator turns from pink to clear at or below pH 8.3 The M indicator turns from orange to yellow below pH 4.3. The amount of acid required to produce a color change is used to calculate the amount of P and M alkalinity. The P and M results are use to calculate "O" or hydroxide alkalinity. Depending on the ionic constituents of the water, these relationships can change or be interfered with.
What causes low total alkalinity?
Improperly sanitized water or excessive rainfall can cause a low total alkalinity level in your pool. Low total alkalinity can cause pool staining, itchy and burning eyes and skin, and corrosion of metal parts in the pool.
What causes low alkalinity?
Improperly sanitized water or excessive rainfall can cause a low total alkalinity level in your pool. Low total alkalinity can cause pool staining, itchy and burning eyes and skin, and corrosion of metal parts in the pool.
Will chlorine shock raise the TA?
Chlorine will not raise the total alkalinity level in a pool. However, if you are trying to raise the total alkalinity, you can add small amounts of baking soda.
Will adding a flocculant to the pool water lower the Total Alkalinity?
No
Is alkalinity dangerous for humans in swimming pools?
Alkalinity is not an actual "chemical", however if you are concerned about increasing the alkalinity in your swimming pool, you are perfectly safe. The chemical that increases "total alkalinity" in a swimming pool, is only baking soda. It wil not harm the human body!
What is the total number of carbon atoms in a molecule of 2 methyl and 4 ethyloctane?
The molecule 2-methyl and 4-ethyloctane has 10 carbon atoms in total. This consists of 2 carbon atoms in the methyl group and 8 carbon atoms in the octane chain.
What is total alkalinity?
Alkalinity of water is its acid-neutralizing capacity. It is the sum of all titratable bases. Because the alkalinity of many surface water is primarily a function of carbonate, bicarbonate and hydroxide content, it is taken as an indication of the concentration of these constituent.
