During non-cyclic electron flow, electrons come from water molecules that are split by photosystem II. These electrons replace the ones lost by photosystem II as they are passed along the electron transport chain.
From energy in photons
From energy in photons
Water participates directly in the light reactions of photosynthesis by donating electrons to photosystem II during the process of photolysis. These electrons are used to replace the ones lost by chlorophyll when it absorbs light energy, allowing the photosystem to continue absorbing light and generating ATP and NADPH for the Calvin cycle.
NADP+
From energy in photons
The thylakoid membrane contains 2 photosytems, known as Photosystem I and Photosystem II. Together, they function to absorb light and transfer energy to electrons.
In photosynthesis, electrons flow from water molecules to photosystem II, then to photosystem I, and finally to NADP+ ultimately producing NADPH. Along the way, the electrons generate a proton gradient that drives ATP production.
During non-cyclic electron flow, electrons come from water molecules that are split by photosystem II. These electrons replace the ones lost by photosystem II as they are passed along the electron transport chain.
They go into photosystem I.
they move through an electron transport chain to photosystem 1
In photosystem I, electrons get their energy from the absorption of light by chlorophyll molecules. When light is absorbed, it excites the electrons in the chlorophyll, allowing them to move through a series of electron carriers in the photosystem to generate energy for the production of ATP and NADPH during photosynthesis.
The electrons needed for water-splitting in the photosystem originate from the splitting of water molecules during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. Water molecules are split into oxygen, protons, and electrons by the photosystem II enzyme, providing the electrons needed to drive the electron transport chain.
Photosystem II most likely evolved first because it provides the energy for producing ATP and passes its electrons to photosystem I.
water
Electrons in photosystem II get their energy from sunlight. When photons from sunlight are absorbed by the chlorophyll molecules in the photosystem, the energy is transferred to electrons, allowing them to become excited and drive the process of photosynthesis.
Photosystem I