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The positive ion lost an electron.
a calcium atom is larger because it contains more electrons than a calcium ion. When a calcium atom loses electrons to become a calcium ion, it becomes smaller due to the loss of electron-electron repulsion, causing the remaining electrons to be pulled closer to the nucleus, resulting in a smaller size.
A calcium atom has 20 electrons, as it has 20 protons to maintain a neutral charge. A calcium ion, specifically Ca2+, has lost two electrons, so it has 18 electrons.
The smallest particle of calcium that retains the chemical properties of calcium is the calcium ion (Ca2+). This ion has lost two electrons from a calcium atom, giving it a positive charge while maintaining the chemical characteristics of calcium.
Na atom has a higher atomic radius compared to Na+ ion. This is because Na+ ion has lost an electron, leading to a decrease in electron-electron repulsion and a smaller electron cloud, causing the ion to have a smaller atomic radius than the neutral Na atom.