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The release of volcanic gas into the air can be described as an interaction between the lithosphere and the atmosphere.
You are describing a volcano. When a volcano erupts, it releases gases, ash, and lava from deep within the Earth's crust through vents or openings in the surface. This process can result in various volcanic hazards and eruptions can be explosive or effusive depending on the type of volcano.
A crater is not a separate material or part of a volcano. It is a depression or hollow at the summit of a volcano that forms when the volcano erupts and releases magma, gases, and other materials. The crater is a result of the collapse or expulsion of material during the eruption.
deader than a door nail!!! It's dormant or inactive.
If a volcano erupts in your backyard, evacuate immediately to a safe location outside of the danger zone. Follow the instructions of local authorities and stay updated on emergency alerts. Do not attempt to approach or interact with the volcano as it can be extremely dangerous.
If a volcano erupts more explosively, the lava spewing out tends to reach farther, possibly ruining a near by town. If it erupts more quietly, not as much lava tends to spew out. However, any eruption will cause harm to the atmosphere because it releases harmful pollutants.