All aldehydes give a positive result with Fehling's test. All ketones give negative results.
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Aromatic aldehydes, such as benzaldehyde, typically do not give a positive Fehling's test due to the lack of alpha-hydrogens required for oxidation. Aromatic aldehydes are not easily oxidized in the Fehling's test compared to aliphatic aldehydes.
The reaction for the modified Fehling's test involves the oxidation of an aldehyde to a carboxylic acid in the presence of copper(II) ions. This reaction results in the formation of a brick-red precipitate of copper(I) oxide, which indicates a positive test for the presence of an aldehyde group.
An aldehyde oxidase is an enzyme which catalyzes the oxidation of an aldehyde to a carboxylic acid.
Barfoed's test is used to distinguish monosaccharides that contain a ketone group from those that contain an aldehyde group. It is based on the reaction of monosaccharides with copper acetate in acidic conditions to form a red precipitate. This test is specifically useful in differentiating between monosaccharides like glucose (which has an aldehyde group) and fructose (which has a ketone group).
An amino aldehyde is an organic compound containing both an amino and an aliphatic aldehyde functional group.
Starch does not give a positive result in the Fehling test because starch is a polysaccharide made up of glucose units linked together in a way that does not allow the formation of free aldehyde or ketone groups required for the Fehling test to detect reducing sugars. Since starch is a larger molecule, it does not react with the Fehling reagent designed to detect the presence of smaller reducing sugars like glucose and fructose.