In the light reaction, e- are donated by H20 in photosystem II which is located in the thylakoid membrane. In photosystem one, the NADP+ is reduced to NADPH with the electrons from PS II.
Fun fact. Hydrogens from H20 also create a proton gradiant between stroma and thylakoid membrane driving CF1CF0 ATP synthase.
From the photons is solar energy.
.From photons in solar energy
In light reactions of photosynthesis, electrons are reduced by the pigment molecule chlorophyll to produce NADPH and ATP. These reduced molecules carry energy and electrons to the Calvin cycle for the synthesis of carbohydrates.
From electrons in photosystem I that are excited to a higher energy state by photons of light. Then NADP + is reduced to become NADPH
The light dependent reactions take in the light energy and convert that to chemical energy, but it is in the Calvin cycle (light independent reactions) where the chemical energy is stored in a complex sugar.
From the photons is solar energy.
.From photons in solar energy
In light reactions of photosynthesis, electrons are reduced by the pigment molecule chlorophyll to produce NADPH and ATP. These reduced molecules carry energy and electrons to the Calvin cycle for the synthesis of carbohydrates.
The light reactions occur in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast. The primary goal of the light reactions is to convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. Water is split during the light reactions to provide electrons for the photosystems. The light reactions produce oxygen as a byproduct.
ATP is produced from the light reactions, which is then coupled with the light independent reactions. NADPH is also produced, but its job is to carry electrons which eventually make ATP.
From electrons in photosystem I that are excited to a higher energy state by photons of light. Then NADP + is reduced to become NADPH
Electrons are transferred and energy is released during chemical reactions, such as in redox reactions where one species loses electrons (oxidation) and another gains electrons (reduction). This transfer of electrons leads to the formation of new chemical bonds and the release of energy in the form of heat or light.
Electrons get their energy from the atoms they belong to. They can gain energy through processes like absorption of light or heat, or from chemical reactions. This energy allows electrons to move within the atom or be transferred to other atoms in various forms.
The light reactions provide energy carriers for the dark reactions.
The light dependent reactions take in the light energy and convert that to chemical energy, but it is in the Calvin cycle (light independent reactions) where the chemical energy is stored in a complex sugar.
ATP is produced during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis through photophosphorylation. It provides energy for the Calvin cycle (dark reactions) by powering enzyme activity and providing the necessary energy for carbon fixation and the synthesis of carbohydrates.
Electrons can gain energy from various sources, such as heat, light, or an electric field. When electrons absorb energy, they can be excited to higher energy levels within an atom or molecule. This energy absorption can lead to the electrons participating in chemical reactions or generating electricity in certain materials.