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Ecosystems that do not rely on sunlight are found in deep-sea hydrothermal vents where chemosynthetic bacteria use chemicals like hydrogen sulfide to produce energy instead of sunlight. These ecosystems support unique organisms adapted to extreme conditions such as tube worms and giant clams.
Deep sea organisms living near hydrothermal vents do not rely on sunlight for energy. Instead, they derive energy from chemicals present in the hydrothermal fluids. These organisms form unique ecosystems that are independent of photosynthesis.
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Chemosynthesis occurs in deep-sea hydrothermal vents, cold seeps, and some other extreme environments where sunlight is not available for photosynthesis. These ecosystems rely on chemical reactions to produce energy for certain microorganisms to survive.
Biotic and abiotic components of ecosystems do interact and are interdependent. Biotic components (living organisms) rely on abiotic components (non-living factors like temperature, sunlight, water) for survival and vice versa. Changes in one component can have cascading effects on the entire ecosystem.
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