When a strong positive charge outside the atom attracts them.
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Electrons can escape an atom when they gain enough energy to overcome the attraction of the nucleus, a process known as ionization. This can happen through various means such as exposure to high-energy radiation or collisions with other particles.
I think electrons can be converted into energy,, so in a sense,, Yes they can be destroyed !!
That refers to electrons that aren't bound to an atom.
The electrons farthest away from the nucleus are the valence electrons of an atom.
An atom of helium has 2 electrons.
An atom with 2 electrons would be helium, an atom with 8 electrons would be oxygen, and an atom with 6 electrons would be carbon.
electronegativity