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Depends on a type of protector. Some protectors work by absorbing energy. These might be rated in joules (pronounced 'jewel'). Are typically hundreds or a few thousand joules.

Another protector for all types of surges works differently. It is measured in amps. For example a typically destructive surge (lightning is one example) might be 20,000 amps. So a 'whole house' protector is minimally 50,000 amps.

Protector must not stop working. If properly sized, it only degrades. Protector that is grossly undersized stops working in a manner that violated the manufacturer's specifications. And that is a potential fire. A typically destructive surge can be hundred of thousands of joules. What does that do to the first type protector that must somehow absorb that energy?

Two type protectors. One rated in joules. The other in amps.

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