Textures of volcanic rocks include aphantitic (mineral grains are present but microscopic) , porphyritic (some grains are visible to the naked eye), glassy (all or much of the rock lacks a crystalline structure), and vesicular (solidified gas bubbles are present).
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Volcanic rocks can have a variety of textures depending on how they are formed. Common textures include glassy (smooth and shiny), vesicular (with holes from gas bubbles), and porphyritic (large crystals in a fine-grained matrix). Some volcanic rocks can also have a rough, jagged texture due to their sharp edges and angular features.
Obsidian falls under the group of Extrusive Volcanic Rock of very fine texture. Obsidian is generally called Volcanic Glass.
Metamorphic rock, such as schist or gneiss, can be formed when volcanic rock is altered by heat and pressure. This process can cause the mineral composition and texture of the rock to change, resulting in a new type of rock with different features than the original volcanic rock.
Fragmental texture is a type of rock texture characterized by the presence of fragmented or broken rock particles that are welded together. These particles can vary in size and shape, often created by volcanic or explosive processes. Common examples include tuff and breccia.
Pumice is a light, porous volcanic rock that is commonly used in beauty and skincare products for exfoliation. It forms when volcanic lava rapidly cools and traps gases, creating its characteristic porous texture.
The volcanic rock with air bubbles found at Mount Vesuvius is called pumice. Pumice forms when volcanic gases are rapidly released from magma during an eruption, creating a frothy texture with numerous air pockets.