An efferent somatic (pudendal nerve) output to the external sphincter which relaxes the external sphincter and causes the urine to flow through the urethra is the effector part of the reflex arc.
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In the reflex arc, a muscle or gland is considered to be the effector. Its role is to respond to the stimulus provided by the sensory neuron and produce the appropriate action, such as muscle contraction or gland secretion.
The nerve impulse typically travels from the sensory neuron to the spinal cord, where it is processed by interneurons, and then to the motor neuron to elicit a response from the effector organ or muscle.
The neural pathway of a single reflex is called a reflex arc. It involves the sensory neuron carrying information from the receptor to the spinal cord, where it synapses with a motor neuron that carries the response signal to the effector muscle or organ. This simple pathway allows for rapid, involuntary responses to stimuli.
During a reflex arc, a sensory receptor detects a stimulus and sends a signal through a sensory neuron to the spinal cord. The spinal cord then processes the signal and sends a response through a motor neuron to an effector muscle or gland, causing a quick, involuntary reaction without the need for input from the brain.
Hormones have nothing to do in reflex arc.