Carbon dioxide
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The molecule regenerated in the Calvin cycle is RuBP (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate). It is regenerated at the end of each cycle to continue the process of carbon fixation and sugar production in plants.
The Calvin cycle is a cycle because it begins and ends with the same molecule, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP). This molecule is regenerated at the end of the cycle after it undergoes a series of reactions that produce sugars used by the plant for energy.
RuBP
Oxaloacetate is the substrate that is regenerated after one cycle of the Krebs cycle. It combines with acetyl-CoA to continue the cycle.
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The Calvin cycle is called a cycle because it is a series of biochemical reactions that regenerate the starting molecule. The cycle starts with a 5-carbon molecule (RuBP) and ends with the regeneration of RuBP, allowing the process to continue in a cyclic manner.