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Protists are organisms that are part of the Protista kingdom. It is a very diverse group, including any of numerous eukaryotic organisms that are not fungi, plants, or animals and are chiefly unicellular or colonial. Protists that are multicellular do not have cells differentiated into tissues. The protists include the protozoans, certain algae, oomycetes, and slime molds.
A Protestant is a Christian who is not a member of the Roman Catholic or Eastern Orthodox churches. Protestantism originated from the Reformation movement in the 16th century and encompasses various denominations that emphasize the authority of scripture, salvation by faith, and the priesthood of all believers.
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Who was a protistant out of all of Henry vlll wives?
Anne Boleyn (Henry's second wife, whom he later had beheaded), was a devout follower of Martin Luther (known as Protestants).
What does it mean that most Latin Americans are Christians?
Most Latin Americans believe the Catholic term of Christianity. Others believe the Protistant term for Christianity. Right now most Latin Americans are beliving and being part of the Protistant religeon and term for Christianity than the Catholic way. what is Christianity? to believe that Jesus Christ gave his life for you and that he forgave you and all your sins and he is the son of god and Mary gave birth to him in Bethlehem so ABCD A accept B believe C confess D deciple don't go to hell go to heaven!! :)
How many people did Mary Tudor burn at the stake?
Sources vary, but it's accepted that Mary I of England executed (burned) fewer than 300 heretics during her reign. In less than four years 277 persons were burned to death. Some, like Cranmer, Latimer, and Ridley, were men of influence and high position, but the majority belonged to the lower orders. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09766a.h... ...only 283 Protestants were burnt to death during her rule, while 57,000 Catholics and Protestants were executed during Henry's time! Of course, he was King a lot longer than Mary was Queen. http://www.geocities.com/SoHo/Studios/13... There were some other executions, like Lady Jane Grey and her husband, Guilford Dudley: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_peo... However, the figure was great as she killed over 300 protestants after just one revolt. she was also ruthless as she even killed a 19 year old boy for not beleiving in transubstantiation!
What is the biography on tokio hotel?
Bill Kaulitz is 19 and the lead singer. He is viewed by the other three as egotistical and arrogant. He is allergic to apple and mosquitoes. He has his right eyebrow and tongue pierced. He has four tattoos; the band logo on his neck, freiheit 89 on his left arm, a star on his right hip and an unannounced one over a vital area. He is 6 ft 1 and 110 pounds. He wears his black hair up in random spikes or down all together. Tom Kaulitz is 19 and the lead guitarist and somtims backup vocals. He views himself as posifive while thd others see him as impatient. He had the left side of his bottom lip peirced, and he tongues it when he flirts. He doesnt believe in ruining ones skin with ink, so no tattoos. He drinks and smokes lik his brother. He is 10 minutes older than Bill but 1 inch shorter and the same weight. He has only had his haor cut three times his whol life, for he has it in dreads, at this point they are 5 feet long. Gustav Schafer is 20 and the drummer and som times backup vocals. everyone who meets him agrees that he is bitchy and one has to tread lightly around him, but dont confuse that with him bing sensitive, hes not. He doesnt smoke but he does ocassionally drink, only big events. He has two tattoos; on his back are angel wings with a sword and two olive branches crossing, and on his right arm is a shooting star, smaller white srars in the down fall. He is 5ft 8in tall and 150 lbs. He keeps his dirty blond hair short, when its grown out it curls though. He is allergic to fish, pork, certain wild grass pollen and strawberries. Georg Listing is 21 and the bassist and official backup vocals, he says shut up in schrie. he doesnt agree whenthe others say he's nonpunctual, unreliable and slobby. he drinks on occasion but not regularly. He has no peircings or tattoos on his body. He is 5ft 11in and 180 lbs. If he has allergies, he hasnt spoken of them. He straightens his shoulder lenght brown hair for concerts but at home, keeps it in a low ponytail. The are all christian, but not very religious (OBVIOUSLY).... Bill and Tom were baptised protistant but don keep up with it. Georg does talk about religion and Gustav is evangelic When it comes to best friends, they are all equal, but the twins are closer to each other than even Andreas Their manager is Andreas, who is also the drummer of a different band and the president of the official Tokio Hotel Fanclub. That's all my aching brain can remember right when more comes, ill add
Why did Henry VIII change englands religon?
Henry VIII was a Roman Catholic, under the authority of the Pope in Rome. TheCatholic Church did not recognize divorce, and Henry wanted a divorce from his first wife, Catherine of Aragon because she could not bear him any children (specifically, male heirs). He wanted to marry another young woman named Anne Boleyn (whom he later beheaded).After failing to get the Pope in Rome to give him a "papal dispensation" (which would have given him special treatment by allowing the divorce), he basically forced the Archbishop to grant him a divorce, in direct opposition to the Pope, leading to a breaking away from the Catholic Church, and Henry set himself up as head of the Church of England.I might add that if Henry had divorced through the Archbishop and did not change/create "The Church of England," he would have been excommunicated- something he nor anyone else would want to happen, especially in that time period where excommunication meant your soul would be lost and you would burn in hell for eternity- something Henry truly believed. By having his own Church now solved his problems. He got to marry another woman, and he saved his soul. (Supposedly).This became known as "The English Reformation."HE CHANGED IT TO THE CHURCH OF ENGLANDBritain was christian country. the religion used to becatholics.but Henry wants to change it in to protestant.everyone believed in god. everyone used to worship everyday church was powerful and lots of money and gold500 years ago most people belied in heaven and hell. they believed that some people go heaven and some people go to hell and that it was the church,pope and priests that choose who go where.Henry the VIII changed religion in England due to the fact that the Pope did not let him have a divorce from his wife at the time. So he made a new religion called the protestant and made himself the head of it so he could divorce and marry as many times as he wanted to.the protestant used to worship really because they did no want the pope to tell that they will all go to hell so they worshiped really than they used to when they were catholics. the church they used to pray in was the church of the catholics and now it is called the church of England.he also changed the religion because he wanted to get every thing that the church owned like money,wealth,gold,silver and so on. he wanted the Church's money because he was party person and he liked to build palaces so that he could live in them.The pope is the head of the catholics and people must do as he says because people believe he is a gods spokesman on earth.Henry's plans of changing the religion of England was successful because in England some people are Catholics and some are Protestant and now I know what the religion was 500 years ago and what happened during the time and why and how the religion was changed during the time and how the people had to changed into a religion they did want to be changed into because it was what they believedIn the 16th century there were big changes to the church in England. Henry replaced the pope as the head of the church and he closed down all the monasteries. This happened for a number of reasons such as Henry wanted a son but Catherine of argon gave him a daughter. He wanted to divorce Catherine and marry Anne Boleyn and hoped she would give him a son.AnswerThese are the 3 main reasons! Power was the main reason he was the kind of King who felt that he should have total power over his subects but the power of the Catholic churc in the 16th century outweighed that of even the most powerful King Henry saw a way to end that power in England and use it for his own purposesThe bi-product of this was that was able to secure a marriage anullment from Catherine without having to to go through the Pope who was making things difficult for him. he had to divorce Catherine because Anne was pregnant.The Third advantage was that the looting of the churches and monasteries filled the royal coffers and paid for his wars in FranceThe fouth advantage was that the pope no longer had power over the people of Engladn as he could threaten people with hell but the king could only punish people with death.All the above are very cynical views of Henrys motivations it is possible that he just believed it was the right thing to do but i doubt it.he changed because the pope would not allow him to get a divorce even though he was king.(Spam cleaned up)
Why did people break away from Catholic Churches?
the Reformation was a movement in the 16th century to reform the Catholic Church in Western Europe. Soon, the reformers split from the Church altogether, founding four major church traditions and dozens of sub-denominations, all of which are considered adherents of "Protestantism".In 1517, Martin Luther published his 95 Theses On the Power of Indulgences criticising the Church, including its practice of selling indulgences. He was building on work done by John Wycliffe and Jan Hus, and other reformers joined the cause. Church beliefs and practices under attack by Protestant reformers included purgatory, particular judgment, devotion to Mary, intercession of the saints, most of the sacraments, and authority of the Pope.AnswerThe class of religion considered protistant is actually a group of religions, Lutheran, Babtist, & Protistant, became religions in that order. The Lutheran religion came about when Martin Luther, a monk, opposed certain practices by the Catholic church that were not condoned by the Holy Bible, which were common practice, such as the selling of indulgences, a monetary price, depending on severity & type of sin, that would buy forgiveness. So, if you cheated on your wife, for a small amount of coin, you could buy forgiveness from God, for murder, of course, the amount of coin was larger. Martin Luther found this practice attrocious, and also believed that the common person should be able to read the scriptures themselves, not rely on a corrupt Bishop or Priest to interpret what they believed that God wanted the people to do. Luther transcribed the Latin Scriptures into common German so all could see for themselves the word of God in their own language. Luther also posted opposition letters and arguments on church doors, to practices of the Catholic Church that he disagreed with, believing them to be blasphemous attempts to control and take advantage of the common people. For all this, the Catholic Church set inquisitors upon Luther, for Heresy, blasphemy, and for opposing and therefore commiting crimes against the Catholic Church, and against God. Conviction or no, even the accusation of such deeds would inherantly include punishments & submission/cleansing techniques such as burning of the hands in boiling oil, scalding of the body by fire, and other brutish techniques used at the time to force a submission and repentance of the deeds. and if guilty, after whatever torture was awarded for the conviction, death. Martin Luther pleaded guilty to charges, and refused to repent, claiming that that what he did was only to spread the word of the Holy Gospel, and to expose that which went against God's written word. Amazingly enough, Luther was not sentenced to death, or tortured for such a bold statement against the Catholic church. The people who shared in Luther's beliefs, became known as Lutherans, following the Holy Bible, and considering themselves no longer part of the Catholic religion. this was the first break-away from the Catholic Church, and paved the way for many others. in later years, the Babtist and Protistant religions also broke away from the Catholic Religion. each religion bares a large resemblance in their belief, and each has different sects, or chapters, which differentiate from each other in the way they choose to worship. some are more strict and traditional, some are more laid-back and less restrictive. but they all have very simalar, if not the same core values & belief system, they are all considered Christian religion, and considered protistant religions. basically, the reason for the break in the Catholic Church is because the all-powerful Catholic Church was doing things that weren't acceptable, claiming they were "ordained by God". While keeping the people blind of the words of the Scriptures, except that which the church decided to tell them, or thought appropriate, or made up. When people were suddenly able to read for themselves what the scripture said, it threw a new light on things, and like minded people who were tired of being oppressed and paying tribute for it, broke away in a bold new revolution, which is why the period of time is known as a religious revolution. As far as the difference between the religions, it's best to research them all and decide for yourself. They each believe in the Holy Bible, the old & the new testament, they each believe in the Holy Trinity, God the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, they each partake in communion, a symbolism of the last supper, but the Catholic religion has a lot of Traditions & practices that the other religions do not believe in, or partake of, believing the measure of the man in God's eyes, not the pope's.AnswerDuring the 16th century a movement swept through the Christian provinces of the European continent. This movement began as a conflict between the newly emerging nation-states, and the local governments they hoped to incorporate in their fold. Locals found their customs and traditions being overridden by the decrees of leaders who were no involved in their daily affairs. Leaders of this movement preached a strong independent message, which struck a chord with the common people of the day, whom related the words of the message to their current situation. Thus Reformation was a movement born out of religious frustration that was greatly aided by a need for social upheaval. The door was left open to Reformation by the medieval church's overall failure to keep its parishioners complacent. The world was changing during the late 15th and early 16th century, and the church influence suffered because of it. Information had become more readily available to the common person that it had ever been before. The crusades had opened new trade routes, which helped to establish an improved postal service, spread news faster, and expose many to new cultures and ideas. Additionally, the newly invented printing press, propelled by the advent of moveable type thanks Johannes Gutenberg, spread literacy in the lower classes and made possible for more people to have access to the written resources of their faith. With printed bibles, the word of God was no longer only in the hands of the clergy. People could, and would, now develop their own thoughts, and freely exchange them. Intellectuals and lay people took the lack of satisfaction they had received on an intellectual and person level from the medieval church, and focused it on creating a sense of individual piety.The Modern Devotion is a prime example of such actions in motion. Founded by Gerald Groote, and based in the Netherlands, the brothers of the Modern Devotion attempted to live a life of piety, in a way unlike that of other monasteries. Brothers and the limited number of Sisters, of the Modern Devotion were not required to wear specific dress or to remove themselves from their secular duties and responsibilities. This was a stark contrast to the Catholic institution of clergymen whom took full advantage of their freedoms from taxes, military service, and immunity from civil disputes. A book, explaining the intent and message of the Modern Devotion, titled "Imitation of Christ" was published and as it became wide spread, was a great influence to many on eve of the Reformation movement.The Reformation has it's origins in Germany and Switzerland. These sections of Europe had lacked the unification found in France or England, and had thus escaped the same level of political control the Holy Roman Church had on those states. However, during the 16th century various Princes in the German and Swiss provinces began to consolidate their power and enforce the will of the Church. This was not something that free cities, which had a legacy of self government, were ready to accept. Many citizens were dismayed at the tightening of their political freedoms, and to those with religious concerns were increasingly suspect of the financial abuses perpetrated by the church. These frustrations created a platform for Martin Luther to stand on, and perhaps pushed him to be so defiant as to post upon the doors of the Castle Church of Wittenberg 95 theses against indulgence. This act made Luther the first prominent leader of the Reformation movement. The son of a peasant copper miner, Luther was afforded the luxury of a fine education, including a stay at the University of Erfurt during which he completed both bachelor's and Master's degrees. Following this, Luther had intended to follow his Father's wishes and study law. However, this was not to be. During the summer months of 1505, Luther entered the Augustinian Monastery in Erfurt, intending to devote himself to his faith. This swift decision can be credited to a chance event in his life. Whilst on a trip, Luther found himself caught in a fierce lightning storm; he feared for his life. Under duress, he made a pledge to St. Anne, Patron Saint of Travelers. If he should survive the night he would dedicate his life to the church. He was ordained in 1507 and was soon asked by his peers to begin a study of theology so that he might become a professor of the subject in one of the new established German Universities. By this time, Luther had heard of problems and corruption within the higher ranks of the church, however, it wasn't until a 1510 visit to Rome that he was able to witness them first hand. A slightly disillusioned Luther, returned to his studies and teaching, eventually earning a doctorate in Theology. It was during this cycle of study and lecturing that Luther became plagued by a question of his own faith. His own sense of sinfulness, of himself and the human race, left him pondering the true aspect of the righteousness required by God for salvation. Eventually, a conclusion was reached. Luther came to believe that the perfect righteousness of God was found through Jesus Christ. The son of God was alone the perfect righteousness. "To believe in Christ meant to stand before God dressed in Christ's sure righteousness." It should go without saying that this was not the typical view of the time. Luther would soon begin to preach his new views to the public, and spread his new word.It wasn't until 1519 that Luther was able capture widespread attention for his cause. The 95 theses against indulgence were a direct attack on the policies of the Catholic Church that resonated with the mood of the German people. Luther would have found himself in much more trouble for his actions had events of the political world not provided him with a favorable situation. The death of Emperor Maximilian I moved the concerns of the governing powers away from the heresy of Luther and onto the process of electing a new emperor. This allowed for the fledgling Reformation movement to expand, while Luther decided what to do next. In 1520, Luther published 3 pamphlets to popularize his movement. The Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation was an attempt to convince the German Princes to force reform on the Catholic Church in order to ebb the tide of their political and economic influence in the region. Babylonian Captivity of the Church was an attack on the 7 sacraments of the Church, of which Luther argued only two; Baptism and Eucharist were actually of biblical merit. This pamphlet was a showcase of Luther's desire to return the teachings of the Church to those only based on scripture. His third pamphlet titled Freedom of a Christian explained his new faith to the more and more literate masses. Shortly after the release of these works, Luther was excommunicated by the Church for refusing to retract his views. Then, in 1521, Luther presented his views to the Diet of Worms, over which the Emperor Charles V presided. Again, Luther was asked to retract his views or face harsh punishment, and again, Luther adamantly refused. As result Luther became an imperial outlaw, and spent the next year of his life hidden away, out of the reach of those who would seek to harm him. During this time, He was able to translate the New Testament into German. Giving the people of the German Nation a chance to interpret the teachings of Jesus for themselves, this also went a long way to establishing a common written form of German. Luther remained in hiding until Charles V relinquished territorial control of religious matters to German Princes in an attempt to establish good relations and round up troops to fight in his war against France and the Ottoman Turks.It was these events that stirred up the German populace and brought about reform in numerous cities and villages. However, it is important to understand that the movement had as much to do with social changes, as it did with changes in religion. Early supporters of Luther and his calls for change saw in him an ally in their own desires to free themselves from the political and economic holds of the Catholic Church. Local magistrates favored Reformation because it allowed them to profit greater than they could have under the Catholic regime and Peasantry found that the theology of "Justification by Faith" quelled their anxiety over their own need to find salvation. However, favor of Luther by those seeking to push their own social agendas would recede as Luther refused to support a peasant uprising in 1524. Luther viewed the uprising as unchristian, and stayed firm in his position that the freedom of the Christian was to be found through spirituality. Through causing much dismay amongst numerous supporters, had Luther contradicted his teaching by supporting the rebellion, the lasting effect of his teachings would have perhaps not reached as far as they did.While he might have been the first, Luther was not the only person leading a reformation movement in Europe during the first half of the 16th century. Ulrich Zwingli began his own movement in Switzerland that occurred nearly co-currently with the Lutheran movement. Zwingli believed firmly that "Whatever lacked literal support in the bible was not to be believed nor practiced" He pushed his agenda by protesting the Lenten fast, and soon began to disagree with other Church practices such as worship of saints, and most importantly clerical celibacy. Zwingli's Protestant sect was the first to allow clerics to marry, a policy quickly adopted by the other sects. Soon, attempts were made to unify the Swiss and German Protestant sects, however Luther and Zwingli never saw eye to eye and such a union never occurred.By 1550 the Lutheran movement had established Protestantism as a religion that was here to stay. However, another sect would rise to take Protestantism further. Calvinism rose up in France, Netherlands, and Scotland; areas that had been largely unaffected by the original movements lead by Luther and Zwingli. The Calvinist differed from other Protestant sects in that they strongly believed in the concept of divine predestination. To them, their purpose on earth was to shape events to follow God's plan. This attitude gave the Calvinist a strong work ethic, which would later be credited to helping shape the economic system of capitalism. Additionally, their belief in predestination inspired political resistance within countries with a high population of Calvinists. The founder of this Movement, John Calvin, came from a different background than earlier reformers, in that he was of a high social class. Calvin was educated; completing a study in law before briefly working with French reformers and eventually being pulled into the service of faith. Calvin desired to transform society morally, basing his faith on conforming to the demands of God. It was with this in mind that he led for reforms in the church, and did manage to accomplish in the city of Geneva. Some viewed Calvin's reforms as overbearing and too extreme, and has such he was eventually thrown out of Geneva and his reforms repealed. Later in life however, Calvin was able to return and reinstitute his rules.Soon the Catholic Church grew increasingly concerned with the spread of Protestantism. Numerous wars on the European continent during the 16th century had prevent secular authorities under the influence of the church from stopping the spread of Protestantism. The new religion had grown roots, and could no longer simply be squashed out. The Catholic decided to begin a series of it's own reforms, designed to lure back those on the fringe of Protestantism. These reforms of this "Counter-Reformation" were made during the Council of Trent. This council was able to address some of the issues of corruption which had spurred Reformation in the first place, yet, over the course of the twenty five meetings that took place between 1545 and 1563 compromises could not be reached to draw the Protestant back into the church. The move seems to have been too little too late. With Protestantism firmly established by the time it took for these changes to finally be enacted, all the Church could do is sit back and watch their influence dwindle. Regardless of the outcome, this move by the Church was a brilliant political maneuver. One has to wonder how things might have been if the church had recognized a need to change earlier in the course of history. The Reformation movement was able to succeed beyond its early days thanks in part to the general population jumping aboard in search of social and political changes. If the Catholic Church had been able to offer the changes that people wanted at the start of the Reformation Movement, it would have not been as quick to spread throughout Europe. However, it seems clear to me that no reasonable effort could have been put forth to stop the gradual separation of church and state. During this time period the modern Nation-State was slowly arriving and the economic burdens of having to submit to some external authority would have been less than ideal to the leaders of these states. Economic policy slowly became more prevalent in running a country, and leaders increasingly viewed the Pope as more rival than peer or leader. Money was power and leaders saw no reason in funding the opposition. I can be argued that the Reformation did a lot to speed this process along by helping to diminish the influence of the papal regime across Europe. If Protestantism had been stopped, or delayed, I think that the separation of church and state would have been hindered, but not stopped. It is in the overriding interest of people to not have to answer to a religious authority, if they have a desire to increase their profit margins. Greed in regard to money is such a driving force that eventually, the issue would have forced itself regardless of the achievements of the Reformation Movement.The Reformation Movement was an important step in freeing people from the overwhelming control of the Catholic Church. By forcing a change in the political system of the day it improved the daily lives of many. The Reformation made it important to read the bible, and thus increased literacy among all classes. It also helped to push forward the separation of Church and state, which allowed easier development of the modern Nation-State, causing economic improvements on national levels. But, in the end, it seems, the Reformers succeeded in their prime objective; they made the world a better place. Even though the catholic church did opress people doesn't mean that it's a bad religion. 500 Years ago the catholic church needed a reformation and that just what it got. You must rember that these churches are run by men, humans. Were all imperfect, and as a cathloic I reconize that. People got to big for the britches, and so they striped the church of all in imperfections and started over and still it's not perfect because men have caruptted it ( sorry I misspelled) but It is a church over 2,000 thousand years old and I belive that means something.
