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When there is damage to the liver, it attempts to repair itself. The remaining cells (mainly hepatocytes, but also oval cells) - undergo mitotic division in order to replace damaged or dead cells. This process is known as hyperplasia. When hyperplasia occurs in the liver, it results in nodular formations of new cells.

A cirrhotic liver is an end-stage liver. It cannot be repaired, and if the person is to live they will need a transplant. A cirrhotic liver will be diffusely (all-over) covered with nodules, where the liver has attempted to regenerate. It will also have scar-tissue and fibrosis as a result of the damage to the liver.

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