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Comets are made of rock, dust, ice, and frozen gases. When comets approach the Sun, the frozen gases explosively sublime, forming the comet's coma (nebulous central mass) and scattering dust and ice into the solar wind. Lighter dust and photo-dissociated water molecules create the "tail" of the comet, which solar photons push outward in the direction away from the Sun.

Samples were retrieved from the comet 81P/Wild (Wild 2) by NASA's Stardust mission in 2006.

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