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answ2. A cumulus cloud that reaches to great heights will eventually encounter air cold enough to freeze the moisture.

[Some of the energy is absorbed by the 'latent heat of fusion' which is when the vapour condenses as liquid water. A smaller quantum of energy is similarly stored as 'latent heat of freezing'.]

This temperature gradient will cause vigorous vertical circulation, and will create and store electric charge on some regions.

Sometimes the upper layers of the cloud reach a strong cross wind, and in this case, the cloud top will assume the shape of an anvil, and are so called.

Cumulus clouds tend to have well defined edges, and have fluffy shapes.

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A thunderhead cloud is tall and puffy with a flat, anvil-shaped top. It can extend to great heights and often indicates the potential for severe weather, such as thunderstorms, heavy rain, and lightning.

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Q: What does a thunder head cloud look like?
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What shape does a fully developed thunder storm look like?

A fully developed thunderstorm typically has an anvil shape, with a towering cloud structure known as a cumulonimbus cloud. This cloud can reach high into the atmosphere and have a flat, spreading top due to strong upper-level winds. Thunderstorms produce heavy rain, lightning, thunder, and sometimes hail.


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What is a cloud anvil look like at the top?

A cloud anvil is a dense, flat cloud formation with a broad, anvil-like shape at the top, often associated with severe thunderstorms or cumulonimbus clouds. It typically appears dark and ominous due to its thickness and the presence of precipitation and strong vertical winds in the storm cloud.