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Atoms cannot be charged directly. However, they can become charged by gaining or losing electrons. When an atom gains electrons, it becomes negatively charged (anion), and when it loses electrons, it becomes positively charged (cation).
In forming compounds, atoms are engaged in either gaining or losing electrons. They may also share electrons, but that is also a form of gaining or losing electrons.
Ions are charged particles formed by gaining or losing electrons, while electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles found in atoms. Electrons are fundamental components of all matter, while ions are formed when atoms gain or lose electrons to become positively or negatively charged.
Atoms become positively charged when they lose electrons, leaving behind more protons than electrons in the nucleus. Conversely, atoms become negatively charged when they gain extra electrons, resulting in more electrons than protons in the nucleus.
Electrons always have their charge, when atoms gain electrons, they become ions.