Presence of bicarbonates of chlorides or sulphates of calcium or magnesium in water are the main causes of hardness of water.
Temporary hardness of water: CaHCO3, MgHCO3 Permanent hardness of water: CaSO4, MgSO4
Hardness in water is usually characterised as temporary or permanent. Both are due to the presence of calcium or magnesium ions. If they are present as the hydrogen carbonate, when the water is boiled this is converted to the carbonate which precipitates out as a solid, leaving water which is no longer hard, so this is called temporary hardness. If they are present as the sulfate the solution is unaffected by boiling, and this is called permanent hardness.
Permanent hardness of water is typically caused by the presence of calcium sulfate (CaSO4) and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) in the water. These minerals do not precipitate out of solution when water is boiled, unlike temporary hardness caused by calcium bicarbonate which can be easily removed by boiling. Permanent hardness can be removed through processes like ion exchange or chemical precipitation.
Hardness in water is usually characterised as temporary or permanent. Both are due to the presence of calcium or magnesium ions. If they are present as the hydrogen carbonate, when the water is boiled this is converted to the carbonate which precipitates out as a solid, leaving water which is no longer hard, so this is called temporary hardness. If they are present as the sulfate the solution is unaffected by boiling, and this is called permanent hardness.
Sodium palmitate produce a permanent lather with hard water..
Temporary hardness of water: CaHCO3, MgHCO3 Permanent hardness of water: CaSO4, MgSO4
Permanent hardness in water is hardness due to the presence of the chlorides, nitrates and sulphates of calcium and magnesium, which will not be precipitated by boiling.
Hardness in water is usually characterised as temporary or permanent. Both are due to the presence of calcium or magnesium ions. If they are present as the hydrogen carbonate, when the water is boiled this is converted to the carbonate which precipitates out as a solid, leaving water which is no longer hard, so this is called temporary hardness. If they are present as the sulfate the solution is unaffected by boiling, and this is called permanent hardness.
calcium and magnesium
zeolites
Permanent hardness is hardness (mineral content) that cannot be removed by boiling. It is usually caused by the presence in the water of calcium and magnesium sulphates or chlorides which become more soluble as the temperature rises.
Permanent hardness of water is typically caused by the presence of calcium sulfate (CaSO4) and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) in the water. These minerals do not precipitate out of solution when water is boiled, unlike temporary hardness caused by calcium bicarbonate which can be easily removed by boiling. Permanent hardness can be removed through processes like ion exchange or chemical precipitation.
Boiling method
Yes. it causes temporary hardness of water, which can be generally removed by boiling water.
here two type of hardness 1-temporery 2-permanent *temporery hardness-it is also known as carbonate hardness and alkiliny hardness.it is unstable hardness.it is remove by boiling.it is the due presence of carbonate.
To measure permanent hardness by EDTA titration, first add a buffer solution to the water sample to maintain a stable pH. Then, titrate with standardized EDTA solution until the color changes indicating the endpoint. The volume of EDTA required to reach the endpoint can be used to calculate the concentration of the ions causing permanent hardness in the water.
Hardness in water is usually characterised as temporary or permanent. Both are due to the presence of calcium or magnesium ions. If they are present as the hydrogen carbonate, when the water is boiled this is converted to the carbonate which precipitates out as a solid, leaving water which is no longer hard, so this is called temporary hardness. If they are present as the sulfate the solution is unaffected by boiling, and this is called permanent hardness.