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If you add a whole bunch of something else to the glass of water before you put the sugar in it...the sugar will just sit there in a pile.
This is called the saturation point.
Below is what is called an Analogy:
Pure water is like a big parking lot with only 1 car in every 10 parking spots. If you put a bunch of salt cars in the left over parking spots then there wont be any room for sugar cars to park. Sugar will just pile up at the bottom of the water with no where to go.
Temperature will also effect how fast sugar will disolve. When wqater gets hot the water cars dont stay parked they drive around all over and will bang into each other like a demolition derby. When you add sugar cars into the lot then they will smash around even more until there are so many cars that there is no more room in the parking lot. WHen the water cools down, all of the water cars will push and squeeze around back into there 1 in every 10 parking spots and the sugar cars will also smash and squeeze back into the regular parking spots. All the rest of the sugar cars have to leave the parking lot and they fall to the bottom of the glass.
When you heat a liqiud the Saturation point (number of non water cars in the parking lot) increases.
Of course if you just shake and stir the water in the glass it will also bang all of the water and sugar cars around like before but it still wont let as many cars in the parking lot like heating the water does.
Another way is to take your water way up high on a mountain. The lower air preasure makes the size of the parking lot bigger by a little bit.
Higher water temp, more finely ground sugar, and stirring will all increase the rate of dissolution.
Sugar doesn't dissolve completely because it is an organic compound. However, it can break down into its simplest form most quickly in hot water because it creates the most kinetic energy.
Even in cold water sugar will dissolve eventually, but it does dissolve faster in hot water. Hot water molecules move faster than cold water molecules and therefore can more easily break sugar molecules out of solid sugar and into solution.
The pure sugar would dissolve faster in salt water than a Dum Dum sucker. This is because the sugar crystals have more surface area exposed to the solvent, allowing for faster dissolution compared to the solid structure of the sucker.
Granulated sugar would dissolve faster because there is more surface area exposed to the water.
Heat the water.
Hot water will make sugar dissolve faster compared to cold water because the increased temperature causes the sugar molecules to move more rapidly and interact with the water molecules more effectively.