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SteveIn the human liver, glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids can be broken down through various metabolic pathways to produce ATP through processes such as glycolysis, beta-oxidation, and the citric acid cycle. These molecules are used as fuel sources to generate ATP, the primary energy currency of the cell.
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What breaks down protein bilirubin and iron?
Proteins are broken down by proteases, bilirubin is broken down by the liver, and iron is broken down by macrophages in the liver and spleen.
What converts hemoglobin into bile?
Hemoglobin is broken down into biliverdin by macrophages in the spleen. Biliverdin is then converted into bilirubin, which is further metabolized into bile in the liver. Bile is important for the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine.
What happens to amino acids inside the liver?
They are broken down into urea then carried via blood to the kidneys and the excreted as urine
What happens to amino acids inside liver cells?
Amino acids inside liver cells can be used for protein synthesis, energy production, or converted into other molecules. Excess amino acids can be converted into glucose or fatty acids for storage. The liver also plays a role in converting toxic by-products of amino acid metabolism into less harmful substances that can be excreted.
What substance is broken down to produce urea?
Proteins are broken down in the liver to produce urea as a waste product of protein metabolism.
