A black hole is one of the most destructive things in the universe.
It grabs anything relatively close to it and takes it in, never to be seen again.
They can destroy entire planets, galaxies, and more.
However, without black holes, galaxies could not exist.
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If you were to venture too close to a black hole, the immense gravitational force would stretch and compress your body in a process known as spaghettification. Ultimately, you would be torn apart into individual particles as you crossed the event horizon of the black hole, a point of no return from which not even light can escape.
Anything that comes in contact with a black hole - in other words, anything that gets too close - can fall into the black hole and get utterly destroyed. For example, it can destroy entire stars.
Not sure what the intent of the question is, but a black hole doesn't really do damage. Instead a black hole renders and rearranges all matter, maintaining its subsistence on the transformed energy. The only matter that eventually escapes from a black hole is newly rearranged/transformed matter in the form of Hawking's radiation; i.e. more solid matter goes in and newly rearranged/transformed matter comes out.
Pretty much nothing. Even a blackhole with an event horizon of 1cm could do more damage than like 1 000 000 nukes, that is if it were stable and wouldn't emit radiation.
Into the black hole's singularity.
The object swallowed by the black hole is destroyed; its mass is added to the mass of the black hole.
Nothing can escape from a black hole.
The event horizon of a black hole is spherical.
No the singularity is at the core of the black hole.