I think you are asking what is the lighter part of the Earth's shadow on the Moon that surrounds the darkest part. The penumbra is this lighter part of the shadow. The darkest part is the umbra.
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A solar eclipse happens when the Moon casts two shadows on Earth: the umbra, which is the darkest part of the Moon's shadow, and the penumbra, which is the lighter part. The umbra creates a total eclipse where the Sun is completely blocked, while the penumbra creates a partial eclipse where only part of the Sun is blocked.
Because the Sun is so much larger than either the Earth or the Moon, the shadows of the Earth and the Moon are cone-shaped, tapering to a point out in space. Two cones, actually; an inner cone of complete shadow and an outer cone of partial shadow.
The inner, total shadow is called the "umbra". The outer, partial shadow is called the "penumbra".
Actually there is only one shadow but part of it is more dark of a full shadow than the other. During a solar eclipse, the moon casts a shadow on earth. Light is blocked by the moon but then it starts to bend back. The bending back causes there to be an umbra and a penumbra. The umbra is the darker part of the shadow and people in it see a total solar eclipse. (no sun except the corona) The penumbra is the lighter part of the shadow which more people are inside. People inside this only see a partial solar eclipse. (part of sun is blocked)
The darkest part of the moon is called the Umbra. That is the darkest not the largest.
It is the UMBRA.THE PENUMBRA, IS A PART OF THE SHADOW THAT SURRROUNDS THE DARKEST PARTSOF THE MOON.
The shadow of the moon is divided into three parts. Its shadow that surrounds its darkest part is called the Penumbra shadow.
umbra and penumbra
EVERY shadow has both an umbra and a penumbra,
if the light source is not a single point.
a lunar eclipse
The moon casts a shadow on Earth during a solar eclipse, when the moon passes between the Earth and the sun. This alignment causes the moon to block the sun's light, creating a shadow on the Earth.
Eclipses are shadows. A solar eclipse is the Moon's shadow on the Earth; a lunar eclipse is the Earth's shadow on the Moon.
a solar eclipse. During a solar eclipse, the moon blocks the light from the sun and casts a shadow on Earth, temporarily darkening the sky.
Shadows. All eclipses are shadows. A lunar eclipse is the shadow of the Earth on the Moon. A solar eclipse is a shadow of the Moon on the Earth.