1 but glycolysis must be completed 6 times before one glucose is produced
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During glycolysis, a net of 2 ATP molecules are produced per glucose molecule. However, it's important to note that 4 ATP molecules are produced during glycolysis, but 2 ATP molecules are consumed in the initial steps, resulting in a net gain of 2 ATP molecules.
In the entire breakdown of glycolysis, a total of 4 molecules of ATP are produced. Two molecules of ATP are generated during the initial energy investment phase, and another 2 molecules are produced during the energy payoff phase.
The glycolysis process produces a net of 2 ATP molecules, while the Krebs cycle produces 2 ATP molecules directly. So, combining these, a total of 4 ATP molecules are produced from one molecule of glucose.
Fermentation allows the production of ATP to continue by regenerating NAD+ from NADH. During glycolysis, NADH is produced, but it needs to be converted back to NAD+ to keep glycolysis going. In fermentation, NADH is oxidized, regenerating NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue to produce ATP.
During glycolysis, a net gain of two ATP molecules is produced per glucose molecule. In the citric acid cycle, a total of 2 ATP molecules are produced per glucose molecule. Finally, during oxidative phosphorylation, approximately 34 ATP molecules are produced per glucose molecule through the electron transport chain. This results in a total of about 38 ATP molecules gained per glucose molecule during cellular respiration.
The total number of ATP molecules produced during cellular respiration varies depending on the efficiency of the process and the type of organism. In general, aerobic respiration can yield up to 38 molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose, while anaerobic respiration produces a smaller amount, around 2 molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose.