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What are the three possible fates of pyruvate and what conditions are necessary for each pathway?
actually there are four fates of pyruvate.. usually under aerobic conditions it is converted to acetyl co a. and under anerobic conditions it is converted to lactate. it may also b converted to alanine and oxaloactate by enzymes alt and pyruvate carboxlyse respectively
Pyruvate can be converted to acetyl-CoA under aerobic conditions in the presence of oxygen, entering the citric acid cycle. It can be converted to lactate in anaerobic conditions when oxygen is limited. Pyruvate can also undergo fermentation to produce ethanol or lactic acid in certain microorganisms.
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If yeast breaks down glucose by the anaerobic pathway the pyruvate is changed to what?
Pyruvate is changed to ethanol and carbon dioxide through fermentation in the anaerobic pathway in yeast.
What molecule is the common branch point for either the anaerobic or aerobic pathway?
The molecule that serves as the common branch point for either the anaerobic or aerobic pathway is pyruvate. Depending on the availability of oxygen, pyruvate can either be converted into acetyl-CoA to enter the aerobic pathway (Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle) or undergo fermentation in the absence of oxygen.
Which metabolic pathway is common to both cellular respiration and fermentation?
Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway common to both cellular respiration and fermentation. It involves the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, which can then be further metabolized in cellular respiration to produce energy in the form of ATP or in fermentation to regenerate NAD+ for glycolysis to continue in the absence of oxygen.
What are the precursors to produce gluconeogenesis?
The precursors for gluconeogenesis include lactate, glycerol, and glucogenic amino acids. These substrates can be converted into pyruvate, which then enters the gluconeogenesis pathway to produce glucose.
What molecule is pyruvate initially converted in the anabolism of glucose?
In the anabolism of glucose, pyruvate is initially converted into phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) through the enzyme pyruvate carboxylase. PEP is an important intermediate in the gluconeogenesis pathway, which synthesizes glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors.
Pathway that begins with glucose and ends with pyruvate?
Glycolysis
If yeast breaks down glucose by the anaerobic pathway the pyruvate is changed to what?
Pyruvate is changed to ethanol and carbon dioxide through fermentation in the anaerobic pathway in yeast.
Where does the synthesis of pyruvate occur during glycolysis?
The synthesis of pyruvate occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell during glycolysis. It is the final step in the glycolytic pathway, where glucose is converted to two molecules of pyruvate.
What molecule is the common branch point for either the anaerobic or aerobic pathway?
The molecule that serves as the common branch point for either the anaerobic or aerobic pathway is pyruvate. Depending on the availability of oxygen, pyruvate can either be converted into acetyl-CoA to enter the aerobic pathway (Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle) or undergo fermentation in the absence of oxygen.
What enzymes in the glycolysis pathway in the liver catalyze irreversible reactions?
Glucokinase, phosphofructokinase-1, pyruvate kinase
What is EMP pathway?
The EMP pathway, or Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway, is a metabolic pathway involved in glycolysis, which is the process of converting glucose into pyruvate to produce energy for the cell. It is one of the primary pathways for glucose metabolism in cells.
During glycolysis NAD is converted to what?
This is the Glycolysis pathway Glycolysis (the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate and lactate, occurs in the cell cytoplasm): Glucose + 2 ATP + 4 ADP + 2 NAD -> 2 Pyruvate + 2 ADP + 4 ATP + 2 NADH + energy. Oxidation of glucose is known as glycolysis. Glucose is oxidized to either lactate or pyruvate. Under aerobic conditions, the dominant product in most tissues is pyruvate and the pathway is known as aerobic glycolysis. When oxygen is depleted, as for instance during prolonged vigorous exercise, the dominant glycolytic product in many tissues is lactate and the process is known as anaerobic glycolysis. "These studies demonstrate that orderly glycolysis in the erythrocyte is regulated by the NAD-to-NADH ratio and also provide a method that makes possible the in vitro study of erythrocyte glycolysis." The conversion of pyruvate to lactate, under anaerobic conditions, provides the cell with a mechanism for the oxidation of NADH (produced during the G3PDH reaction) to NAD which occurs during the LDH catalyzed reaction. This reduction is required since NAD is a necessary substrate for G3PDH, without which glycolysis will cease. Normally, during aerobic glycolysis the electrons of cytoplasmic NADH are transferred to mitochondrial carriers of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway generating a continuous pool of cytoplasmic NAD NADH
Which metabolic pathway is common to both cellular respiration and fermentation?
Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway common to both cellular respiration and fermentation. It involves the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, which can then be further metabolized in cellular respiration to produce energy in the form of ATP or in fermentation to regenerate NAD+ for glycolysis to continue in the absence of oxygen.
Who received a nobel prize for figuring out the biochemical pathway that produces glucose?
Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that turns glucose into pyruvate and can also produce glucose FROM pyruvate when working in reverse. The major details of this pathway were illuminated largely by three men: Jakub Karol Parnas, Gustav Embden, and Otto Meyerhof. Of these men, only Meyerhof would receive a Nobel Prize.
What is the victory of the pilgrims that ends with pH?
The victory of the pilgrims that ends with pH is the process of transformation from pyruvate to ethanol during fermentation. This pathway is utilized by organisms like yeast to produce ethanol under anaerobic conditions.
What are the precursors to produce gluconeogenesis?
The precursors for gluconeogenesis include lactate, glycerol, and glucogenic amino acids. These substrates can be converted into pyruvate, which then enters the gluconeogenesis pathway to produce glucose.
What does glycolysis break down?
Glycolysis breaks down glucose into pyruvate molecules, producing ATP and NADH in the process.
