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1. Carbon Fixation
Step 1: 3 CO2 comes in and an enzyme called rubisco hopefully (when I say hopefully, I mean that because it might catalyze oxygen instead of carbon, which is bad) catalyzes carbon.
Step 2: The carbon is turned into RuBP (a 6 carbon), which is unstable, so it instantly turns into two of 3-PG (a 3 carbon). There are 6 of these.
2. Reduction
Step 3: The 3-PG get a phosphate each from ATP, which then turns into ADP. The 3-PG now become 3-biphosphoglycerate. There are 6 of these.
Step 4: The 3-biphosphoglycerate each get an hydrogen ion (H+) from NADPH, which then turns into NADP+.
Step 5: The molecule then and there loose a phosphate group, which goes back to restoring the ADP into ATP. The resulting molecule is called G3P, which is final goal for the Calvin Cycle. There are 6 G3P molecules.
3. Regeneration
Step 6: As I mentioned earlier, G3P is the main goal of the Calvin cycle, so only one out of the 6 are used for as organic compounds, whereas the rest go back in the cycle.
Step 7: The 5 G3P molecules that go back to the cycle are rearranged to become the molecule RuBP (ribulose biphosphate) and go back to step 2.
Read more: What_are_the_steps_in_the_Calvin_cycle
The three phases of the Calvin cycle are carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration of RuBP (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate). During carbon fixation, atmospheric carbon dioxide is fixed into a stable organic molecule. In the reduction phase, ATP and NADPH produced during the light reactions are used to convert the fixed carbon into sugars. Finally, in the regeneration phase, RuBP is regenerated to continue the cycle.
The three phases of the Calvin Cycle are following:
Phase 1- Carbon Fixation: Carbon dioxide is added to RuBP making a six carbon molecule, which happens to be rubisco. The six carbon molecule immediately split into two three carbon PGA.
Phase 2- Reduction Reaction: First PGA is phosphorylated and then it has hydrogen added to it, making six G-3-P.
Phase 3- Regeneration of RuBP: Through a series of reaction ATP is used to rearrange five G-3-P into three RuBP.
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Is it true that the main products of the Calvin cycle are six carbon dioxide molecules?
No, the main products of the Calvin cycle are three-carbon molecules (3-phosphoglycerate) that are eventually used to regenerate RuBP (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate) to continue the cycle. Carbon dioxide is actually used in the Calvin cycle to form these three-carbon molecules.
Which organelle participates in the Calvin cycle?
The chloroplast is the organelle that participates in the Calvin cycle. Within the chloroplast, the stroma is where the Calvin cycle takes place.
What site does Calvin cycle happen?
The Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts.
When does carbohydrate production occur in a chloroplast?
During The Calvin Cycle cycle, sugars are produced in the chloroplast.
Which molecule from the Calvin cycle is used to replenish the five carbon sugar rubpwhich is used at the begging at the cycle?
You phosphorylate glycerol-3-phosphate (all 5 G3P ) with three ATP and you get ribulose bisphosphate, RuBP, and begin the Calvin cycle again
What does the first three phases of the cell cycle form?
Interphase
What is another name for the for the dark reaction?
the calvin cycle
What are the phases of cellular respiration?
Cellular respiration is typically divided into three main phases: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle (or Krebs cycle), and oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain and chemiosmosis). In glycolysis, glucose is broken down into pyruvate. The citric acid cycle completes the breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide. Oxidative phosphorylation generates ATP using the energy released from electron transport chain reactions.
Is it true that the main products of the Calvin cycle are six carbon dioxide molecules?
No, the main products of the Calvin cycle are three-carbon molecules (3-phosphoglycerate) that are eventually used to regenerate RuBP (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate) to continue the cycle. Carbon dioxide is actually used in the Calvin cycle to form these three-carbon molecules.
Which organelle participates in the Calvin cycle?
The chloroplast is the organelle that participates in the Calvin cycle. Within the chloroplast, the stroma is where the Calvin cycle takes place.
What results from three turns of the Calvin cycle?
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)
What three things are needed at the start of the Calvin cycle?
co2,ATP, and NADPH
What are other names for the Calvin cycle?
The Calvin Cycle is also known as the Calvin-Benson Cycle, light-independent reaction, or the C3 Cycle.
How many times does the Calvin cycle go around to produce 1 pgal?
The Calvin cycle goes through a full cycle three times to produce one molecule of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (PGAL).
What is a product in the Calvin cycle?
The products of the Calvin cycle are the three carbon sugar phosphate molecules or the triose phosphates (G3P). The products formed after a single turn of the Calvin cycle are 3 ADP, 2 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) molecules, and 2 NADP+.
How many co2 are fixed in the Calvin benson cycle in photosynthesis to produce glucose?
Three.
What three substances are introduced into the Calvin benson cycle to produce?
RuBP, PGA, ATP
