What are the three phases of the Calvin cycle?

Answer 1

1. Carbon Fixation

Step 1: 3 CO2 comes in and an enzyme called rubisco hopefully (when I say hopefully, I mean that because it might catalyze oxygen instead of carbon, which is bad) catalyzes carbon.

Step 2: The carbon is turned into RuBP (a 6 carbon), which is unstable, so it instantly turns into two of 3-PG (a 3 carbon). There are 6 of these.

2. Reduction

Step 3: The 3-PG get a phosphate each from ATP, which then turns into ADP. The 3-PG now become 3-biphosphoglycerate. There are 6 of these.

Step 4: The 3-biphosphoglycerate each get an hydrogen ion (H+) from NADPH, which then turns into NADP+.

Step 5: The molecule then and there loose a phosphate group, which goes back to restoring the ADP into ATP. The resulting molecule is called G3P, which is final goal for the Calvin Cycle. There are 6 G3P molecules.

3. Regeneration

Step 6: As I mentioned earlier, G3P is the main goal of the Calvin cycle, so only one out of the 6 are used for as organic compounds, whereas the rest go back in the cycle.

Step 7: The 5 G3P molecules that go back to the cycle are rearranged to become the molecule RuBP (ribulose biphosphate) and go back to step 2.

Read more: What_are_the_steps_in_the_Calvin_cycle

Answer 2

The three phases of the Calvin Cycle are following:

Phase 1- Carbon Fixation: Carbon dioxide is added to RuBP making a six carbon molecule, which happens to be rubisco. The six carbon molecule immediately split into two three carbon PGA.

Phase 2- Reduction Reaction: First PGA is phosphorylated and then it has hydrogen added to it, making six G-3-P.

Phase 3- Regeneration of RuBP: Through a series of reaction ATP is used to rearrange five G-3-P into three RuBP.

Answer 3

The three phases of the Calvin cycle are carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration of RuBP (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate). During carbon fixation, atmospheric carbon dioxide is fixed into a stable organic molecule. In the reduction phase, ATP and NADPH produced during the light reactions are used to convert the fixed carbon into sugars. Finally, in the regeneration phase, RuBP is regenerated to continue the cycle.