Similarities:
Because you are defining a position on a two dimensional surface, two base, or reference lines are required.
The two references are both equivalent to zero degrees and referred to as up, down and left, right.
The two lines of zero chosen are called the equator (up, down) and the prime meridian (left right). Up, down is latitude also called north (up) and south (down). Left, right is called longitude also called east (right) and west (left)
So to define your position you would say you are x degrees north or south (up, down) and y degrees east or west (left, right)
Where these two coordinates meet is your position.
The differences are that the Equator in zero line of latitude. While the Prime Meridian is zero line of longitude. Latitude is horizontal and parallel to the Equator, and longitude runs from pole to pole.
Alphanumeric grid uses a combination of letters and numbers to identify locations on a map, while latitude and longitude use angular measurements. Alphanumeric grid is typically used in smaller, more localized areas, while latitude and longitude are used globally. Alphanumeric grids are often based on a specific reference point, while latitude and longitude are based on the equator and prime meridian. Alphanumeric grids may have different orientations or scales, while latitude and longitude are universally recognized.
Longitude was historically more difficult to determine than latitude because longitude is determined by measuring time differences between a reference point (such as Greenwich, England) and the observer's location, which required accurate timekeeping devices. Latitude, on the other hand, can be determined by measuring the angle of the North Star or the sun relative to the horizon.
Germany is a rather large place. The northern most point of Germany is at Latitude 54.908199, Longitude 8.651733. The southern most point is at Latitude 47.275502, Longitude 10.184326. The western most point is Latitude 51.053481, longitude 5.869446. The eastern most is Latitude 51.272226, Longitude 15.04097.
Latitude measures how far north or south a location is from the equator, while longitude measures how far east or west a location is from the Prime Meridian. Latitude values range from 0° at the equator to 90° at the poles, while longitude values range from 0° at the Prime Meridian to 180° both east and west.