Coolant has these properties...
it absorbs heat from the engine, which is why you put it in there
it also has a lower freezing and higher boiling point than water
it inhibits corrosion and lubricates the water pump
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Coolants have high specific heat capacity, low viscosity, good thermal conductivity, and high boiling point to efficiently regulate and transfer heat. They should also have good chemical stability, compatibility with materials in the cooling system, and low freezing point to prevent damage in cold temperatures.
Fluid dynamics, fluids make good coolants, its viscosity can fill any shape. I am sure there are more....
Coolants are different due to their chemical composition, which affects their freezing and boiling points, thermal conductivity, and corrosion protection properties. Different vehicles or systems require specific coolant types to ensure optimal performance and longevity. Factors like environmental regulations, cost, and compatibility with materials used in the system also influence the selection of coolant.
Hazardous coolants in refrigeration units were replaced
CFCs were once used as refrigerants, propellants in aerosol sprays, and as solvents in industries. They were valued for their stability and heat-absorbing properties. However, their use has largely been phased out due to their harmful effects on the ozone layer.
PCBs were commonly used as coolants and lubricants in electrical equipment, such as transformers and capacitors, due to their high stability and insulating properties. They were also utilized as additives in various industrial processes like plasticizers and flame retardants.