About 20 different types of amino acid molecules.
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Protein molecules are made up of amino acid units, which are linked together in a specific sequence to form a polypeptide chain. The unique sequence of amino acids in a protein determines its structure and function.
Active transport is the type of molecular movement when molecules move against the concentration gradient from low to high through protein pumps. This process requires energy input, typically in the form of ATP, to pump molecules across the cell membrane.
Without additional information, it is impossible to determine the molecular mass of the blue molecules based solely on the molecular mass of the yellow molecules. Each type of molecule has its own unique molecular mass, and it cannot be inferred from other molecules.
Anabolic reactions, such as protein synthesis or DNA replication, require energy for the conversion of molecular subunits into larger molecules. This energy is typically provided by ATP hydrolysis, which fuels the formation of new bonds between the molecular subunits to build larger molecules.
Molecular physics is a branch of physics that studies the physical properties and behavior of molecules. It explores how atoms are bonded together to form molecules, their internal structure, and the interactions between molecules. Molecular physics plays a crucial role in understanding chemical reactions, materials science, and biological processes at a molecular level.
Covalently bonded compounds are characterized by a molecular formula, because such compounds exist in the form of discrete molecules, all of the atoms of which move together as kinetic-molecular units. Ionically bonded compounds do not have molecules in this sense: Their compounds are made up of at least two kinds of ions, one positive and the other negative, and the ions in these compounds can move separately as kinetic-molecular units: If a positive ion is separated from the particular negative ion with which it was most closely associated initially in a fluid mixture, usually a solution in an ionizing solvent, of both kinds of ions, another negative ion with the same properties is always close by.