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BlakeFermionic condensate. It is when fermions (matter particles) at an extremely low temperature stop behaving as independent particles. The Pauli exclusion principle prevents fermions from entering this quantum state, but two paired fermions can behave as a boson (a particle that carries energy) which can.
5th state-Bose Einstein condensate
Bose Einstein Condensate
A Bose-Einstein condensate is a rare state (or phase) of matter in which a large percentage of bosons collapse into their lowest quantum state, allowing quantum effects to be observed on a macroscopic scale. The bosons collapse into this state in circumstances of extremely low temperature, near the value of absolute zero.
Satyendra Nath Bose developed statistical methods, later utilized by Albert Einstein, to describe the behavior of mass less photons and massive atoms, as well as other bosons. This "Bose-Einstein statistics" described the behavior of a "Bose gas" composed of uniform particles of integer spin (i.e. bosons). When cooled to extremely low temperatures, Bose-Einstein statistics predicts that the particles in a Bose gas will collapse into their lowest accessible quantum state, creating a new form of matter, which is called a super fluid. This is a specific form of condensation which has special properties.
Bose-Einstein condensates were a purely theoretical conjecture until experimentally observed by Eric Cornell & Carl Wieman at the University of Colorado at Boulder in 1995, for which they received the 2001 Nobel Prize.
Also Known As: super fluid
Absolute zero is the lowest possible temperature, at which point the atoms of a substance transmit no thermal energy - they are completely at rest. It is 0 degrees on the Kelvin scale, which translates to -273.15 degrees Celsius (or -459.67 degrees Fahrenheit).
The concept of an "absolute cold" was first presented by Robert Boyle in his 1665 New Experiments and Observations touching Cold. Various physicists explored this phenomenon, until Lord Kelvin derived his thermodynamic temperature scale, extrapolating backward to absolute zero based purely on the laws of thermodynamics.
Some substances, when cooled to near-absolute zero temperatures, reach a state of matter known as a super fluid, which exhibit strange properties.
A super fluid is a special phase of matter in which, when cooled to temperatures near absolute zero, the molecules exhibit strange quantum effects.
Some super fluids, such as helium-4 (helium with 4 nucleons - 2 protons & 2 neutrons), are bosons and therefore form a Bose-Einstein condensate when cooled into liquid form.
One effect of this is that the viscosity of super fluid helium-4 becomes zero, meaning that normal rules of surface tension, such as capillarity, are no longer obeyed. A super fluid in a glass tube will literally "crawl" up the side of the tube in a thin film because of this property.
Other super fluids, such as helium-3, are fermions, but they can also exhibit super fluid properties due to other quantum effects that are part of the BCS theory of superconductivity.
Super fluid - key concepts
So some states of matter are like soil, liqui and gas so if that help i am glad it did for A test or somthing!!
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Name the fourth and fifth states of matter?
The fourth state of matter is plasma, which is a highly energized state in which atoms are stripped of their electrons. The fifth state of matter is Bose-Einstein condensate, which occurs at very low temperatures close to absolute zero, causing atoms to clump together and behave as a single quantum entity.
How many states of matter can iron change into?
Iron can exist in three main states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas. In specific conditions, it can also exhibit a fourth state called plasma.
What are the physical forms of matter called?
The physical forms of matter are classified into three main states: solid, liquid, and gas. In addition to these, scientists also recognize a fourth state, plasma, which is a highly ionized and electrically conductive form of matter.
Which of the states of matter have mass and volume?
All states of matter - solid, liquid, and gas - have mass and volume. Mass refers to the amount of matter in an object, while volume is the amount of space it occupies. Plasma, the fourth state of matter, also has mass and volume.
What are the fourth and the fifth states of matter?
The fourth state of matter is known as plasma, which consists of charged particles. The fifth state of matter is known as Bose-Einstein condensate, which occurs at extremely low temperatures near absolute zero and results in particles behaving as a single entity.
