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The main component of a detergent is the surfactants or the surface active agents. These surfactants work primarily to reduce the surface tension between 2 phases. When a detergent is added to water, it forms a micelle (or a surfactant cloud) around the dirt particles.

A synthetic detergent is made up of chemical compounds like fatty acid salts (aliphatic) or aromatics like linear alkyl benzene. The main disadvantage lies with the use of these aromatics. aromatics are not very easily soluble in water and we need a relatively higher temperature to solubilize this detergent in water. Another disadvantage of using synthetic detergents in that they are not easily bio-degradable. This has many environmental implications.

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