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What are the conditions for the halogenation of carbonyl compounds?
Wiki User
∙ 13y ago
Carbonyl compounds can be halogenated through either base or acid catalysis, although a difference in products can be expected; acid catalysis is more likely to produce alpha-monohalogenated carbonyl compounds (although polyhalogenation is also possible with acid), and base is more likely to produce a polyhalogenated alpha carbonyl compound.
Halogenation occurs through an enolate/enol intermediate (base or acid respectively).
In the case of basic halogenation an enolate is formed at the alpha position of the carbonyl carbon. The enolate (nucleohile) then attacks the halogen (Br2, Cl2, I2-typically not F2) since the halogen molecule acts as a polarized electrophile. The monohalogenated product is now more reactive than the unhalogenated reactant since the electron withdrawing halogen makes any alpha protons remaining even more acidic and susceptible to abstraction via base to create another enolate, and the process can be repeated.
Wiki User
∙ 13y ago
Halogenation of carbonyl compounds typically requires a halogenating agent like elemental bromine or chlorine in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst, such as FeBr3 or AlCl3. The reaction proceeds through electrophilic halogenation, where the halogen is added to the carbonyl group. Product selectivity can be influenced by the reaction conditions and choice of solvent.
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A family of organic compounds characterized by the presence of a carbonyl group bonbed to an oxygen atom or OH group?
This family of organic compounds is known as aldehydes and ketones. Aldehydes have a carbonyl group bonded to at least one hydrogen atom, while ketones have a carbonyl group bonded to two carbon atoms. They are important in various biological processes and serve as building blocks in organic synthesis.
Can you explain what halogenation is?
The process of halogenation is a chemical reaction between a compound, usually an organic compound and a halogen. An example of halogenation is fluorination or chlorination.
What is a short note of allylic halogenation?
Halogenation is the result that occurs when a chemical is mixed with a halogen.
Why direct halogenation of aniline is not possible?
Direct halogenation of aniline is not possible because aniline is a meta directing group. Due to the lone pair on the nitrogen atom, the halogenation reaction occurs at the meta position on the benzene ring instead of the ortho or para positions. This makes direct halogenation of aniline inefficient and typically requires additional functional group modifications to achieve halogenation at the desired position.
What is the group that distinguishes aldehydes from most other classes of compounds?
The functional group that distinguishes aldehydes from most other classes of compounds is the carbonyl group (-C=O) with a hydrogen atom bonded to the carbonyl carbon. This unique structure gives aldehydes distinct chemical properties, such as their characteristic reactivity towards oxidation and reduction reactions.
Does ethanoic acid more closely resemble hydroxyl or carbonyl compounds in its reaction?
Ethanoic acid more closely resembles carbonyl compounds in its reactions because it has a carbonyl functional group, which is a key feature of carbonyl compounds. In reactions, ethanoic acid can participate in typical carbonyl reactions like nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl carbon.
Give the application of von Richter rearrangement?
The von Richter rearrangement is commonly used to synthesize a variety of carbonyl compounds from aryl nitro compounds. This rearrangement is important in organic chemistry for the conversion of nitroarenes to carbonyl compounds, such as ketones and aldehydes, under mild conditions.
What has the author Franco Agolini written?
Franco Agolini has written: 'Stereoelectronic effects in carbonyl compounds' -- subject(s): Stereochemistry, Spectra, Electrons, Molecular orbitals, Carbonyl compounds
How types of functional carbon group?
The term carbonyl can also refer to carbon monoxide as a ligand in an inorganic or organometallic complex (a metal carbonyl, e.g. nickel carbonyl). A carbonyl group characterizes the following types of compounds.
Thiol have a carbonyl group?
Thiols do not have a carbonyl group. Thiols, also known as mercaptans, are organic compounds that contain a sulfur atom with a hydrogen atom attached, characterized by the -SH functional group. Carboxylic acids, ketones, and aldehydes are examples of compounds that contain a carbonyl group.
Why carbonyl compounds undergo nucleophilic addition reactions?
Carbonyl compounds are electrophilic due to the partially positive carbon atom. Nucleophiles are attracted to this electrophilic carbon atom, leading to a nucleophilic addition reaction. The nucleophile attacks the carbonyl carbon, forming a tetrahedral intermediate, which then collapses to form the final product.
What is a marine mollusk that produces ternary compounds both in pearls and shells?
carbonyl sulfide
A family of organic compounds characterized by the presence of a carbonyl group bonbed to an oxygen atom or OH group?
This family of organic compounds is known as aldehydes and ketones. Aldehydes have a carbonyl group bonded to at least one hydrogen atom, while ketones have a carbonyl group bonded to two carbon atoms. They are important in various biological processes and serve as building blocks in organic synthesis.
Can you explain what halogenation is?
The process of halogenation is a chemical reaction between a compound, usually an organic compound and a halogen. An example of halogenation is fluorination or chlorination.
What class of molecules contain the carbonyl group CO?
Molecules containing a carbonyl group (CO) are known as carbonyl compounds. These compounds can be further classified into aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, and amides based on their specific structure and functional groups.
Is urea is a saturated compound?
No, urea is not a saturated compound. It contains a carbonyl group (C=O) which makes it a carbonyl compound, not a saturated compound. Saturated compounds have single bonds only.
What has the author Peter Sellers written?
Peter Sellers has written: 'Thermochemical studies of some organic oxygen compounds' -- subject(s): Carbonyl compounds, Thermochemistry
