The reactants
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The reactant is the substance present at the start of a chemical reaction, while the product is the substance(s) formed from a chemical reaction.
A substance that lowers the energy needed to start a chemical reaction is a catalyst.
This substance is called a catalyst.
A catalyst is generic term used to influence rates of reaction. The catalyst lowers the activation energy required to start the reaction. In biology, catalysts are called enzymes.
During a chemical reaction, the substances present are called reactants. Reactants are the starting materials that undergo a transformation to form products in a chemical reaction.