Static electricity is when there is either an excess (negative) or lack of (positive) electrons. If electrons are transferred onto another surface, for example by rubbing them together, a positive charge is formed, but if electrons are gained, a negative charge is formed.
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Metals are good conductors of electricity, including static electricity. If you use metals to conduct static electricity, it can lead to sparking or shocks, which can be dangerous. Using insulating materials is better for managing static electricity to prevent these risks.
Rubbing a balloon against a wool sweater to create static electricity, causing the balloon to stick to a wall.
Intentionally static shocking someone is not recommended as it can be uncomfortable and sometimes painful. Static shock occurs when there is a buildup of static electricity on one person that discharges to another person upon contact. If you do experience a static shock, try to discharge static electricity by touching something conductive like a doorknob before making contact with another person.
Yes, it actually does so very often. It is called lightening. Lightning is a static discharge. Additionally, if you have ever run an electric generator without correctly grounding it, you may see a static discharge between it and a grounded object. If this occurs at night, it will be very bright.
Both. Some kinds are natural and some man-made.