A:overproduction
B:competition
C:speciation
D:extinction
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Geographic isolation refers to physical barriers preventing gene flow between populations, leading to genetic divergence. Reproductive isolation happens when populations can no longer interbreed due to differences in mating behaviors, physiology, or genetics, resulting in the formation of new species. Both mechanisms play a crucial role in the process of speciation.
This condition may refer to either geographic isolation, where populations are separated by physical barriers, or reproductive isolation, where individuals are unable to interbreed successfully. Geographic isolation can lead to reproductive isolation over time as populations differentiate in isolation.
Another name for geographic isolation is allopatric isolation. This refers to a type of isolation where populations become reproductively isolated due to physical barriers preventing gene flow between them.
Geographic isolation physically separates populations, limiting the movement of individuals and therefore gene flow. Behavioral isolation arises when different mating rituals prevent successful reproduction between populations. Temporal isolation occurs when populations reproduce at different times, preventing gene flow between them. Finally, mechanical isolation involves incompatibility of reproductive organs which restricts gene flow.
Geographic isolation occurs when a physical barrier, such as a mountain range, river, or body of water, separates a population into two or more distinct groups. This isolation prevents the groups from interbreeding, leading to genetic divergence and potentially the formation of new species over time.
These populations would be classified as different species. Geographic isolation has led to reproductive isolation, causing them to evolve independently and become unable to produce viable offspring together.