The function of a carbohydrate is mainly to store energy. Carbohydrates also are used for structural purposes in plants. The function of a protein is to transport oxygen in the bloodstream (the protein hemoglobin performs this), control the rates of reactions, allow muscles to contract, fight disease/infection, and repair tissues in the body. Lipids' main task is to store energy for long periods of time. They are also used in biological/cell membranes and waterproof coverings (on organisms, not on an umbrella per say). Nucleic acids are meant to store genetic and hereditary information.
1. Carbohydrates
Made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (Chitin also contains nitrogen).
(A) Monosaccharides and Disaccharides.
Examples: Glucose, Ribose, Maltose, Lactose, Sucrose
Structure: Can exist as a carbon chain, or as a ring. The ring form is more stable and more prevalent at equilibrium. Disaccharides are made of two monosaccharides joined by a glycosidic linkage (an oxygen atom holding two rings together).
Function: Glucose is the principle molecule used for energy production during cellular respiration.
(B) Polysaccharides
Examples: Cellulose, Starch, Glycogen, Chitin
Structure: Chains of monosaccharides joined by glycosidic linkages (one oxygen atom joins 2 rings).
Function: Cellulose and chitin are structural; starch and glycogen are means of storing glucose for long periods.
2. Lipids
Made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (in some cases phosphorus as well).
(A) Triglycerides
Structure: 1 glycerol molecule joined to 3 fatty acid molecules.
Function: Used for insulation and long-term energy storage.
(B) Phospholipids
Structure: 1 glycerol molecule joined to 2 fatty acid molecules and a phosphate group.
Function: Primary component of cell membranes.
(C) Steroids
Examples: Cholesterol, Estradiol, Testosterone
Structure: 4 interlinked carbon rings with functional groups attached.
Function: Hormonal functioning; some help control the fluidity of cell membranes
3. Nucleic Acids
Made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus
(A) DNA
Structure: Made of repeating units of 4 nucleotides. A nucleotide is made of a phosphate group, a pentose sugar (deoxyribose), and one of four nitrogenous bases (adenine, cytosine, guanine, or thymine). Double-stranded helix.
Function: Stores genetic information.
(B) RNA
Structure: Made of repeating units of 4 nucleotides. The pentose sugar is ribose rather than deoxyribose. The 4 bases are adenine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine. Single-stranded.
Function: Transfers genetic information to ribosomes for protein synthesis, carries amino acids into place, and holds ribosomal subunits together.
4. Polypeptides
Made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (occasionally sulfur also).
Structure: Polymers of repeating units of 20 kinds of amino acid. Amino acids are structurally similar except for one side chain that varies from acid to acid. Adjacent amino acids are joined by peptide bonds. One or more polypeptide may be joined to form a protein.
Function: Numerous functions: structure, enzymes, packaging, cell-to-cell communication, cell recognition, immune response
The Four Macromolecules include Carbohydrate, Lipids, Nucleic acid, and Protein.
Carbohydrate are
Any of a group of organic compounds that includes sugars, starches, celluloses, and gums and serves as a major energy source in the diet of animals; they are produced by photosynthetic plants and contain only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, usually in the ratio.
Lipids:
Any of a group of organic compounds, including the fats, oils, waxes, sterols, and triglycerides, that are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar organic solvents, are oily to the touch, and together with carbohydrates and proteins constitute the principal structural material of living cells.
Nucleic acid: Any of a group of complex compounds found in all living cells and viruses, composed of purines, pyrimidines, carbohydrates, and phosphoric acid. Nucleic acids in the form of DNA and RNA control cellular function and heredity.
Protein: Any of a group of complex organic macromolecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and usually sulfur and are composed of chains of alpha-amino acids. Proteins are fundamental components of all living cells and include many substances, such as enzymes, hormones, and antibodies, that are necessary to the functioning of an organism. They are essential in the diet of animals for the growth and repair of tissue and can be obtained from foods such as meat, fish, eggs, milk, and legumes.
The four important macromolecules are carbohydrates (sugars and starches), lipids (fats and oils), proteins (amino acids), and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). These macromolecules are essential for various biological processes and functions within living organisms.
There are four main macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Each plays a crucial role in biological systems and serves different functions within living organisms.
Enzymes belong to the class of proteins, which are biological macromolecules. Starches belong to the class of carbohydrates, another type of biological macromolecule.
Examples of macromolecules include proteins, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), carbohydrates, and lipids. These large molecules are essential for various biological functions in living organisms.
Proteins are macromolecules made of amino acids. Amino acids are linked together in a specific sequence to form proteins, which are essential for many biological functions in the body. The order of amino acids in a protein determines its structure and function.
The four important macromolecules are carbohydrates (sugars and starches), lipids (fats and oils), proteins (amino acids), and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). These macromolecules are essential for various biological processes and functions within living organisms.
There are four main macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Each plays a crucial role in biological systems and serves different functions within living organisms.
Enzymes belong to the class of proteins, which are biological macromolecules. Starches belong to the class of carbohydrates, another type of biological macromolecule.
The monomers of nucleic acids are nucleotides.Of polysaccharides: monosaccharides.Of polypeptides (the chains that make up proteins): amino acids.Lipids are macromolecules, but are not polymers, so they do not have monomers.
Examples of macromolecules include proteins, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), carbohydrates, and lipids. These large molecules are essential for various biological functions in living organisms.
Proteins are macromolecules made of amino acids. Amino acids are linked together in a specific sequence to form proteins, which are essential for many biological functions in the body. The order of amino acids in a protein determines its structure and function.
Dehydration reactions.
It is two completely different things. Diffusion of macromolecules is random movement of macromolecules given by their energy, temperature. And biological membrane is a lipidic membrane.
Yes, proteins are organic molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur. They are essential macromolecules for various biological functions in living organisms.
All of them since they are organic. Lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and nucleic acids are considered to be the 4 groups of biological macromolecules.
Carries oxygen through blood.
they can formed by the removal of water