It is called refraction.
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No. It would take it longer to get from here to there, but only because it would have to travel a longer distance, not because its speed would change.
Yes, light refraction does involve the bending of light as it passes through a different medium, such as air to water or vice versa. This bending occurs due to the change in speed of light as it travels from one medium to another, leading to a change in direction.
The bending of light is caused by a change in the speed of light as it travels through different mediums, known as refraction. This change in speed causes the light to change direction at the boundary between two materials with different optical densities. Additionally, gravitational forces from massive objects can also cause light to bend through a phenomenon known as gravitational lensing.
Refraction of light rays occurs when light passes through a medium with a different optical density, such as glass, causing the light rays to change direction. This bending of light rays is due to the change in speed of light as it moves from one medium to another.
Phototropism is the word for it when plants grow towards/away from a source of light. There's actually positive and negative ways of phototropism: If the phototropism is positive it grows towards the light, and if the phototropism is negative, it grows in the direction away from the light.