Radiation
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The main process by which heat flows upward through the lithosphere is conduction. Heat is transferred through the solid rock by the vibration of atoms and the transfer of energy between neighboring particles. Convection also plays a role in heat transfer within the Earth's mantle, but conduction is the dominant process in the lithosphere.
An eruption.
Volcanic eruptions are caused by the release of pressure from molten rock, or magma, that rises to the surface through weak spots in the Earth's crust. As the magma pushes upward, it can create volcanic activity, such as lava flows, ash emissions, and explosive eruptions.
Magma rises through the crust because it is less dense than the surrounding rock. As it moves upward, the magma may encounter fractures or weaknesses in the crust that allow it to continue its ascent. Additionally, the presence of heat and pressure deep within the Earth can drive magma upward towards the surface.
Isostasy is the process by which the Earth's lithosphere adjusts to maintain equilibrium when weight is added or removed. When weight, such as the melting of glaciers, is removed from the lithosphere, the crust rebounds upward as the mantle flows in to support it. In a similar way, when weight is added, such as with the accumulation of glaciers, the crust subsides to maintain balance.
The Columbia River flows through the states of Washington and Oregon.