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When heart valves do not close properly, regurgitation can result, decreasing the pumping efficiency of the heart. When valves in your kitchen sink do not close properly, drips can occur.
Actually, the inability of a heart valve to close properly is called regurgitation or insufficiency, not stenosis. Stenosis refers to the narrowing of a heart valve, which restricts blood flow.
Cutting the muscles that control the movement of the valves can lead to valve dysfunction. Muscles help the valves open and close properly, and without them, the valves may not function effectively, causing issues such as leakage or backflow of blood. This can lead to conditions like valvular regurgitation or stenosis.
The cranial nerve that, if damaged, can cause an inability to see close objects is the oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III). Damage to this nerve can affect the movement of the eye muscles responsible for changing focus and adjusting the shape of the lens to see objects up close.
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This is called the near reflex or near response. It involves the reflexive constriction of the pupils, known as miosis, as well as convergence of the eyes and accommodation of the lens to allow for clear vision of close objects. This response is controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system.
when it is close to the ground, it is a meteor when it hits the ground, it is called a meteorite