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Glycolysis produces pyruvate. The fate of this pyruvate depends mainly on the availability of which of the following?
Molecular oxygen
What happens to pyruvate produced when very little oxygen is available?
Pyruvate is the result of glycolysis, the degradation of a molecule of glucose. In aerobic conditions (with O2 present), pyruvate is oxidized to H2O and CO2 via the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation to produce energy (ATP). In anaerobic conditions (low levels of O2), pyruvate metabolism goes in two directions: in yeasts, an alcoholic fermentation takes place (with the production of two CO2 molecules + two molecules of ethanol); while in muscle, homolactic fermentation occurs (with the result of 2 molecules of lactate).
Does lactic acid fermentation breaks down glucose to release energy in anaerobic respiration?
Yes, during lactic acid fermentation, glucose is broken down into lactic acid to generate energy in the absence of oxygen. This process occurs in muscle cells during strenuous exercise when oxygen supply is limited.
How can oxygen deprivation of fetuses be determined?
Oxygen deprivation in fetuses can be determined by monitoring the fetal heart rate patterns using electronic fetal monitoring. This can be done during labor and delivery to assess the oxygen supply to the fetus. Other signs such as decreased fetal activity or low oxygen levels in the mother's blood may also indicate oxygen deprivation in the fetus.
How many C atoms are in a molecule of pyruvate?
There are three carbon atoms in a molecule of pyruvate.
