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Neurons vs. Other Cells Similarities with other cells:

  • Neurons and other body cells both contain a nucleus that holds genetic information.
  • Neurons and other body cells are surrounded by a membrane that protects the cell.
  • The cell bodies of both cell types contain organelles that support the life of the cell, including mitochondria, Golgi bodies, and cytoplasm.
Differences that make neurons unique:
  • Unlike other body cells, neurons stop reproducing shortly after birth. Because of this, some parts of the brain have more neurons at birth than later in life because neurons die but are not replaced. While neurons do not reproduce, research has shown that new connections between neurons form throughout life.
  • Neurons have a membrane that is designed to sends information to other cells. The axon and dendrites are specialized structures designed to transmit and receive information. The connections between cells are known as a synapses. Neurons release chemicals known as neurotransmitters into these synapses to communicate with other neurons.
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