The nipples are anterior or ventral to the shoulder blades.
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Anterior
Yes, the wrist is considered distal to the shoulder. In anatomical terms, "distal" refers to a structure being further away from the point of origin or attachment in comparison to another structure. Since the wrist is further away from the point of origin (the shoulder) along the upper extremity, it is considered distal to the shoulder.
No, ventral and posterior are not synonymous terms. Ventral refers to the front or abdominal side of an organism, while posterior refers to the back or tail end.
Towards the back is posterior and towards the front is the anterior.
Anterior (toward the front) and posterior (toward the back) are directional terms that always describe movement along the sagittal plane.