Sand and chalk can be separated through the centrifugal process. A centrifuge makes high speed cycles and the materials of different densities will be separated.
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One common method to separate sand and chalk is to use the method of sedimentation. By placing the mixture in water, the chalk will float while the sand will sink to the bottom. The layers can then be separated using filtration.
Filtration would separate the water, leaving the chalk particles behind.
Filtration would separate the water, leaving the chalk particles behind.
Sand and chalk are not a homogeneous mixture because they do not have a uniform composition, meaning their components are visibly distinguishable from each other. Sand consists of larger particles like silica, while chalk is composed of calcium carbonate.
Chalk is mostly made of calcium carbonate, which is softer than the materials in blackboards. When the chalk rubs against the blackboard, it does not scratch it because of its softer nature. However, chalk often contains trace amounts of sand or other harder impurities that can cause scratching on the blackboard surface.
Sublimation can be used to separate naphthalene from chalk powder. Naphthalene sublimes at room temperature, while chalk powder does not, allowing for the separation based on this difference in physical properties.