How do you measure refractoriness?

Answer 1

since most of the refractories are mixtures of metal oxides they donot have sharp melting points.so the refractoriness of arefractory is generally measured as the softening temperature and is expressed in terms of pyrometric cone equivalent (PCE)

Answer 2

Refractoriness is typically measured using an electrophysiological technique called an action potential duration (APD) or effective refractory period (ERP) measurement. This involves stimulating cardiac tissue and measuring the time it takes for the tissue to be ready for another stimulation. Other methods include recording the duration of the QT interval on an electrocardiogram.