It called rhizome
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Fern sporophyte plants have leaves called fronds that grow from an underground stem called a rhizome. The rhizome also produces roots that anchor the plant and absorb water and nutrients from the soil. Additionally, the rhizome can store energy reserves for the plant to use during periods of low growth or unfavorable conditions.
Ferns have leaves that are called Fronds, they grow above the ground from an underground stem called a Rhizome
The rhizome is the stem of the fern plant. This can creep along or under the ground ,it may grow into a short or tall trunk (a vertical rhizome), or it may be a solid mass that gives rise to a tuft of fronds (an erect rhizome). Often, the rhizome grows underground. This produces roots and new fronds (leaves).
fern rhizomes grow branches that can be separated from the plant and grow on its own
Ferns have roots, stems, and leaves. The leaves are called fronds and typically have a compound structure with leaflets. Ferns reproduce through spores, which are produced in structures called sporangia.